Merge pull request '[graph dedup] records stability and testing' (#44) from deduptesting into beta

Reviewed-on: D-Net/dnet-hadoop#44

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/main/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/DedupRecordFactory.java

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 
 package eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup;
 
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
+import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.MapFunction;
 import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.MapGroupsFunction;
 import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
@@ -15,6 +17,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup.model.Identifier;
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.merge.AuthorMerger;
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelSupport;
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.*;
@@ -74,33 +77,42 @@ public class DedupRecordFactory {
 
 	public static <T extends OafEntity> T entityMerger(
 		String id, Iterator<Tuple2<String, T>> entities, long ts, DataInfo dataInfo, Class<T> clazz)
-		throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
+		throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
 
-		T entity = clazz.newInstance();
-		entity.setDataInfo(dataInfo);
+		final Comparator<Identifier<T>> idComparator = new IdentifierComparator<>();
+
+		final LinkedList<T> entityList = Lists
+			.newArrayList(entities)
+			.stream()
+			.map(t -> Identifier.newInstance(t._2()))
+			.sorted(idComparator)
+			.map(Identifier::getEntity)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList::new));
+
+		final T entity = clazz.newInstance();
+		final T first = entityList.removeFirst();
+
+		BeanUtils.copyProperties(entity, first);
 
 		final Collection<String> dates = Lists.newArrayList();
 		final List<List<Author>> authors = Lists.newArrayList();
 
-		entities
-			.forEachRemaining(
-				t -> {
-					T duplicate = t._2();
-
+		entityList
+			.forEach(
+				duplicate -> {
 					entity.mergeFrom(duplicate);
 					if (ModelSupport.isSubClass(duplicate, Result.class)) {
 						Result r1 = (Result) duplicate;
-						if (r1.getAuthor() != null && !r1.getAuthor().isEmpty())
+						if (r1.getAuthor() != null && StringUtils.isNotBlank(r1.getDateofacceptance().getValue()))
 							authors.add(r1.getAuthor());
 						if (r1.getDateofacceptance() != null)
 							dates.add(r1.getDateofacceptance().getValue());
 					}
-
 				});
 
 		// set authors and date
 		if (ModelSupport.isSubClass(entity, Result.class)) {
-			((Result) entity).setDateofacceptance(DatePicker.pick(dates));
+			// ((Result) entity).setDateofacceptance(DatePicker.pick(dates));
 			((Result) entity).setAuthor(AuthorMerger.merge(authors));
 		}
 

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/main/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/IdGenerator.java

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@ public class IdGenerator implements Serializable {
 		if (pids == null || pids.isEmpty())
 			return defaultID;
 
+		return generateId(pids);
+	}
+
+	private static <T extends OafEntity> String generateId(List<Identifier<T>> pids) {
 		Identifier<T> bp = pids
 			.stream()
 			.min(Identifier::compareTo)

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/main/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/IdentifierComparator.java

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+
+package eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup;
+
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup.model.Identifier;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.EntityType;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelConstants;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.DataInfo;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.KeyValue;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.OafEntity;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.StructuredProperty;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.utils.OafMapperUtils;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.utils.PidComparator;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.utils.PidType;
+
+public class IdentifierComparator<T extends OafEntity> implements Comparator<Identifier<T>> {
+
+	public static int compareIdentifiers(Identifier left, Identifier right) {
+		return new IdentifierComparator<>().compare(left, right);
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public int compare(Identifier<T> left, Identifier<T> i) {
+		// priority in comparisons: 1) pidtype, 2) collectedfrom (depending on the entity type) , 3) date 4)
+		// alphabetical order of the originalID
+
+		Set<String> lKeys = Optional
+			.ofNullable(left.getCollectedFrom())
+			.map(c -> c.stream().map(KeyValue::getKey).collect(Collectors.toSet()))
+			.orElse(Sets.newHashSet());
+
+		final Optional<List<KeyValue>> cf = Optional.ofNullable(i.getCollectedFrom());
+		Set<String> rKeys = cf
+			.map(c -> c.stream().map(KeyValue::getKey).collect(Collectors.toSet()))
+			.orElse(Sets.newHashSet());
+
+		if (left.getPidType().compareTo(i.getPidType()) == 0) { // same type
+			if (left.getEntityType() == EntityType.publication) {
+				if (isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID)
+					&& !isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID))
+					return -1;
+				if (isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID)
+					&& !isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID))
+					return 1;
+			}
+			if (left.getEntityType() == EntityType.dataset) {
+				if (isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID)
+					&& !isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID))
+					return -1;
+				if (isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID)
+					&& !isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID))
+					return 1;
+			}
+
+			if (left.getDate().compareTo(i.getDate()) == 0) {// same date
+				// we need to take the alphabetically lower id
+				return left.getOriginalID().compareTo(i.getOriginalID());
+			} else
+				// we need to take the elder date
+				return left.getDate().compareTo(i.getDate());
+		} else {
+			return new PidComparator<>(left.getEntity()).compare(toSP(left.getPidType()), toSP(i.getPidType()));
+		}
+	}
+
+	public boolean isFromDatasourceID(Set<String> collectedFrom, String dsId) {
+		return collectedFrom.contains(dsId);
+	}
+
+	private StructuredProperty toSP(PidType pidType) {
+		return OafMapperUtils.structuredProperty("", pidType.toString(), pidType.toString(), "", "", new DataInfo());
+	}
+
+}

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/main/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/model/Identifier.java

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup.DatePicker;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup.IdentifierComparator;
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.EntityType;
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelConstants;
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelSupport;
@@ -83,60 +84,12 @@ public class Identifier<T extends OafEntity> implements Serializable, Comparable
 		return entity.getId();
 	}
 
-	private PidType getPidType() {
+	public PidType getPidType() {
 		return PidType.tryValueOf(StringUtils.substringBefore(StringUtils.substringAfter(entity.getId(), "|"), "_"));
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public int compareTo(Identifier<T> i) {
-		// priority in comparisons: 1) pidtype, 2) collectedfrom (depending on the entity type) , 3) date 4)
-		// alphabetical order of the originalID
-
-		Set<String> lKeys = Optional
-			.ofNullable(getCollectedFrom())
-			.map(c -> c.stream().map(KeyValue::getKey).collect(Collectors.toSet()))
-			.orElse(Sets.newHashSet());
-
-		final Optional<List<KeyValue>> cf = Optional.ofNullable(i.getCollectedFrom());
-		Set<String> rKeys = cf
-			.map(c -> c.stream().map(KeyValue::getKey).collect(Collectors.toSet()))
-			.orElse(Sets.newHashSet());
-
-		if (this.getPidType().compareTo(i.getPidType()) == 0) { // same type
-			if (getEntityType() == EntityType.publication) {
-				if (isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID)
-					&& !isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID))
-					return -1;
-				if (isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID)
-					&& !isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.CROSSREF_ID))
-					return 1;
-			}
-			if (getEntityType() == EntityType.dataset) {
-				if (isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID)
-					&& !isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID))
-					return -1;
-				if (isFromDatasourceID(rKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID)
-					&& !isFromDatasourceID(lKeys, ModelConstants.DATACITE_ID))
-					return 1;
-			}
-
-			if (this.getDate().compareTo(i.getDate()) == 0) {// same date
-				// we need to take the alphabetically lower id
-				return this.getOriginalID().compareTo(i.getOriginalID());
-			} else
-				// we need to take the elder date
-				return this.getDate().compareTo(i.getDate());
-		} else {
-			return new PidComparator<>(getEntity()).compare(toSP(getPidType()), toSP(i.getPidType()));
-		}
-
-	}
-
-	private StructuredProperty toSP(PidType pidType) {
-		return OafMapperUtils.structuredProperty("", pidType.toString(), pidType.toString(), "", "", new DataInfo());
-	}
-
-	public boolean isFromDatasourceID(Set<String> collectedFrom, String dsId) {
-		return collectedFrom.contains(dsId);
+		return IdentifierComparator.compareIdentifiers(this, i);
 	}
 }

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/EntityMergerTest.java

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.FileReader;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
@@ -54,7 +55,7 @@ class EntityMergerTest implements Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void softwareMergerTest() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+	void softwareMergerTest() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
 
 		List<Tuple2<String, Software>> softwares = readSample(
 			testEntityBasePath + "/software_merge.json", Software.class);
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ class EntityMergerTest implements Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void publicationMergerTest() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+	void publicationMergerTest() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
 
 		Publication pub_merged = DedupRecordFactory
 			.entityMerger(dedupId, publications.iterator(), 0, dataInfo, Publication.class);
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ class EntityMergerTest implements Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void publicationMergerTest2() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+	void publicationMergerTest2() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
 
 		Publication pub_merged = DedupRecordFactory
 			.entityMerger(dedupId, publications2.iterator(), 0, dataInfo, Publication.class);
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ class EntityMergerTest implements Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void publicationMergerTest3() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
+	void publicationMergerTest3() throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
 
 		Publication pub_merged = DedupRecordFactory
 			.entityMerger(dedupId, publications3.iterator(), 0, dataInfo, Publication.class);
@@ -156,7 +157,8 @@ class EntityMergerTest implements Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void publicationMergerTest4() throws InstantiationException, IllegalStateException, IllegalAccessException {
+	void publicationMergerTest4()
+		throws InstantiationException, IllegalStateException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
 
 		Publication pub_merged = DedupRecordFactory
 			.entityMerger(dedupId, publications4.iterator(), 0, dataInfo, Publication.class);
@@ -166,7 +168,8 @@ class EntityMergerTest implements Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Test
-	void publicationMergerTest5() throws InstantiationException, IllegalStateException, IllegalAccessException {
+	void publicationMergerTest5()
+		throws InstantiationException, IllegalStateException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
 
 		System.out
 			.println(

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/SparkDedupTest.java

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ package eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup;
 import static java.nio.file.Files.createTempDirectory;
 
 import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.count;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
-import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.lenient;
 
 import java.io.File;
@@ -14,7 +13,11 @@ import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.net.URISyntaxException;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
 import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
@@ -35,10 +38,13 @@ import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 
 import eu.dnetlib.dhp.application.ArgumentApplicationParser;
-import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.Relation;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelConstants;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.*;
 import eu.dnetlib.enabling.is.lookup.rmi.ISLookUpException;
 import eu.dnetlib.enabling.is.lookup.rmi.ISLookUpService;
 import eu.dnetlib.pace.util.MapDocumentUtil;
@@ -105,57 +111,27 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 
 		lenient()
 			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains(testActionSetId)))
-			.thenReturn(
-				IOUtils
-					.toString(
-						SparkDedupTest.class
-							.getResourceAsStream(
-								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/profiles/mock_orchestrator.xml")));
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/profiles/mock_orchestrator.xml"));
 
 		lenient()
 			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("organization")))
-			.thenReturn(
-				IOUtils
-					.toString(
-						SparkDedupTest.class
-							.getResourceAsStream(
-								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/org.curr.conf.json")));
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/org.curr.conf.json"));
 
 		lenient()
 			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("publication")))
-			.thenReturn(
-				IOUtils
-					.toString(
-						SparkDedupTest.class
-							.getResourceAsStream(
-								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/pub.curr.conf.json")));
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/pub.curr.conf.json"));
 
 		lenient()
 			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("software")))
-			.thenReturn(
-				IOUtils
-					.toString(
-						SparkDedupTest.class
-							.getResourceAsStream(
-								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/sw.curr.conf.json")));
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/sw.curr.conf.json"));
 
 		lenient()
 			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("dataset")))
-			.thenReturn(
-				IOUtils
-					.toString(
-						SparkDedupTest.class
-							.getResourceAsStream(
-								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/ds.curr.conf.json")));
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/ds.curr.conf.json"));
 
 		lenient()
 			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("otherresearchproduct")))
-			.thenReturn(
-				IOUtils
-					.toString(
-						SparkDedupTest.class
-							.getResourceAsStream(
-								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/orp.curr.conf.json")));
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/orp.curr.conf.json"));
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -163,11 +139,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	void createSimRelsTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkCreateSimRels.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createSimRels_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createSimRels_parameters.json"));
 
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
@@ -207,7 +179,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.count();
 
 		assertEquals(3076, orgs_simrel);
-		assertEquals(7040, pubs_simrel);
+		assertEquals(7046, pubs_simrel);
 		assertEquals(336, sw_simrel);
 		assertEquals(442, ds_simrel);
 		assertEquals(6784, orp_simrel);
@@ -223,11 +195,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	void whitelistSimRelsTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkWhitelistSimRels.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/whitelistSimRels_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/whitelistSimRels_parameters.json"));
 
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
@@ -264,7 +232,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 
 		// entities simrels supposed to be equal to the number of previous step (no rels in whitelist)
 		assertEquals(3076, orgs_simrel);
-		assertEquals(7040, pubs_simrel);
+		assertEquals(7046, pubs_simrel);
 		assertEquals(442, ds_simrel);
 		assertEquals(6784, orp_simrel);
 //		System.out.println("orgs_simrel = " + orgs_simrel);
@@ -306,11 +274,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	void cutMergeRelsTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkCreateMergeRels.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json"));
 
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
@@ -402,11 +366,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	void createMergeRelsTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkCreateMergeRels.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json"));
 
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
@@ -427,10 +387,10 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.read()
 			.load(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/organization_mergerel")
 			.count();
-		long pubs_mergerel = spark
+		final Dataset<Relation> pubs = spark
 			.read()
 			.load(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_mergerel")
-			.count();
+			.as(Encoders.bean(Relation.class));
 		long sw_mergerel = spark
 			.read()
 			.load(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/software_mergerel")
@@ -445,8 +405,35 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.load(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/otherresearchproduct_mergerel")
 			.count();
 
+		final List<Relation> merges = pubs
+			.filter("source == '50|doi_dedup___::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.collectAsList();
+		assertEquals(3, merges.size());
+		Set<String> dups = Sets
+			.newHashSet(
+				"50|doi_________::3b1d0d8e8f930826665df9d6b82fbb73",
+				"50|doi_________::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032",
+				"50|arXiv_______::c93aeb433eb90ed7a86e29be00791b7c");
+		merges.forEach(r -> {
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.RESULT_RESULT, r.getRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.DEDUP, r.getSubRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.MERGES, r.getRelClass());
+			assertTrue(dups.contains(r.getTarget()));
+		});
+
+		final List<Relation> mergedIn = pubs
+			.filter("target == '50|doi_dedup___::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.collectAsList();
+		assertEquals(3, mergedIn.size());
+		mergedIn.forEach(r -> {
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.RESULT_RESULT, r.getRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.DEDUP, r.getSubRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.IS_MERGED_IN, r.getRelClass());
+			assertTrue(dups.contains(r.getSource()));
+		});
+
 		assertEquals(1268, orgs_mergerel);
-		assertEquals(1444, pubs_mergerel);
+		assertEquals(1450, pubs.count());
 		assertEquals(286, sw_mergerel);
 		assertEquals(472, ds_mergerel);
 		assertEquals(738, orp_mergerel);
@@ -463,11 +450,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	void createDedupRecordTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkCreateDedupRecord.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createDedupRecord_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createDedupRecord_parameters.json"));
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
 				new String[] {
@@ -483,12 +466,18 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 
 		new SparkCreateDedupRecord(parser, spark).run(isLookUpService);
 
+		final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper()
+			.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+
+		final Dataset<Publication> pubs = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_deduprecord")
+			.map(
+				(MapFunction<String, Publication>) value -> mapper.readValue(value, Publication.class),
+				Encoders.bean(Publication.class));
 		long orgs_deduprecord = jsc
 			.textFile(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/organization_deduprecord")
 			.count();
-		long pubs_deduprecord = jsc
-			.textFile(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_deduprecord")
-			.count();
 		long sw_deduprecord = jsc
 			.textFile(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/software_deduprecord")
 			.count();
@@ -499,11 +488,13 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.count();
 
 		assertEquals(86, orgs_deduprecord);
-		assertEquals(67, pubs_deduprecord);
+		assertEquals(68, pubs.count());
 		assertEquals(49, sw_deduprecord);
 		assertEquals(97, ds_deduprecord);
 		assertEquals(92, orp_deduprecord);
 
+		verifyRoot_1(mapper, pubs);
+
 //		System.out.println("orgs_deduprecord = " + orgs_deduprecord);
 //		System.out.println("pubs_deduprecord = " + pubs_deduprecord);
 //		System.out.println("sw_deduprecord = " + sw_deduprecord);
@@ -511,16 +502,63 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 //		System.out.println("orp_deduprecord = " + orp_deduprecord);
 	}
 
+	private static void verifyRoot_1(ObjectMapper mapper, Dataset<Publication> pubs) {
+		Publication root = pubs
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_dedup___::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.first();
+		assertNotNull(root);
+
+		final Dataset<String> publication = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(DedupUtility.createEntityPath(testGraphBasePath, "publication"));
+
+		Publication crossref_duplicate = publication
+			.map(
+				(MapFunction<String, Publication>) value -> mapper.readValue(value, Publication.class),
+				Encoders.bean(Publication.class))
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_________::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.collectAsList()
+			.get(0);
+
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getName(), root.getJournal().getName());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getIssnPrinted(), root.getJournal().getIssnPrinted());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getPublisher().getValue(), root.getPublisher().getValue());
+
+		Set<String> rootPids = root
+			.getPid()
+			.stream()
+			.map(StructuredProperty::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+		Set<String> dupPids = crossref_duplicate
+			.getPid()
+			.stream()
+			.map(StructuredProperty::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		assertFalse(Sets.intersection(rootPids, dupPids).isEmpty());
+		assertTrue(rootPids.contains("10.1109/jstqe.2022.3205716"));
+
+		Optional<Instance> instance_cr = root
+			.getInstance()
+			.stream()
+			.filter(i -> i.getCollectedfrom().getValue().equals("Crossref"))
+			.findFirst();
+		assertTrue(instance_cr.isPresent());
+		assertEquals("OPEN", instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getClassid());
+		assertEquals("Open Access", instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getClassname());
+		assertEquals(OpenAccessRoute.hybrid, instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getOpenAccessRoute());
+		assertEquals(
+			"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", instance_cr.get().getHostedby().getValue());
+		assertEquals("0001", instance_cr.get().getInstancetype().getClassid());
+		assertEquals("Article", instance_cr.get().getInstancetype().getClassname());
+	}
+
 	@Test
 	@Order(6)
 	void updateEntityTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkUpdateEntity.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/updateEntity_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/updateEntity_parameters.json"));
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
 				new String[] {
@@ -587,7 +625,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.distinct()
 			.count();
 
-		assertEquals(898, publications);
+		assertEquals(902, publications);
 		assertEquals(839, organizations);
 		assertEquals(100, projects);
 		assertEquals(100, datasource);
@@ -640,11 +678,7 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	void propagateRelationTest() throws Exception {
 
 		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(
-			IOUtils
-				.toString(
-					SparkPropagateRelation.class
-						.getResourceAsStream(
-							"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/propagateRelation_parameters.json")));
+			classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/propagateRelation_parameters.json"));
 		parser
 			.parseArgument(
 				new String[] {
@@ -714,4 +748,12 @@ public class SparkDedupTest implements Serializable {
 	public boolean isDeletedByInference(String s) {
 		return s.contains("\"deletedbyinference\":true");
 	}
+
+	private static String classPathResourceAsString(String path) throws IOException {
+		return IOUtils
+			.toString(
+				SparkDedupTest.class
+					.getResourceAsStream(path));
+	}
+
 }

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/SparkOpenorgsDedupTest.java

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ public class SparkOpenorgsDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.load(DedupUtility.createSimRelPath(testOutputBasePath, testActionSetId, "organization"))
 			.count();
 
-		assertEquals(288, orgs_simrel);
+		assertEquals(290, orgs_simrel);
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ public class SparkOpenorgsDedupTest implements Serializable {
 			.load(DedupUtility.createSimRelPath(testOutputBasePath, testActionSetId, "organization"))
 			.count();
 
-		assertEquals(324, orgs_simrel);
+		assertEquals(326, orgs_simrel);
 	}
 
 	@Test

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/SparkPublicationRootsTest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+
+package eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup;
+
+import static java.nio.file.Files.createTempDirectory;
+
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.count;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.lenient;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.FilterFunction;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.MapFunction;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.application.ArgumentApplicationParser;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelConstants;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.*;
+import eu.dnetlib.enabling.is.lookup.rmi.ISLookUpException;
+import eu.dnetlib.enabling.is.lookup.rmi.ISLookUpService;
+
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
+public class SparkPublicationRootsTest implements Serializable {
+
+	@Mock(serializable = true)
+	ISLookUpService isLookUpService;
+
+	private static SparkSession spark;
+	private static String workingPath;
+
+	private static String graphInputPath;
+	private static String graphOutputPath;
+	private static final String testActionSetId = "test-orchestrator";
+
+	private static Path testBaseTmpPath;
+
+	private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper()
+		.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+
+	@BeforeAll
+	public static void init() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+
+		testBaseTmpPath = createTempDirectory(SparkPublicationRootsTest.class.getSimpleName() + "-");
+
+		final File entitiesSources = Paths
+			.get(SparkPublicationRootsTest.class.getResource("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/root").toURI())
+			.toFile();
+
+		FileUtils
+			.copyDirectory(
+				entitiesSources,
+				testBaseTmpPath.resolve("input").toFile());
+
+		workingPath = testBaseTmpPath.resolve("workingPath").toString();
+		graphInputPath = testBaseTmpPath.resolve("input").resolve("entities").toString();
+		graphOutputPath = testBaseTmpPath.resolve("output").toString();
+
+		FileUtils.deleteDirectory(new File(workingPath));
+		FileUtils.deleteDirectory(new File(graphOutputPath));
+
+		final SparkConf conf = new SparkConf();
+		conf.set("spark.sql.shuffle.partitions", "10");
+		spark = SparkSession
+			.builder()
+			.appName(SparkPublicationRootsTest.class.getSimpleName())
+			.master("local[*]")
+			.config(conf)
+			.getOrCreate();
+	}
+
+	@BeforeEach
+	public void setUp() throws IOException, ISLookUpException {
+
+		lenient()
+			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains(testActionSetId)))
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/profiles/mock_orchestrator_publication.xml"));
+
+		lenient()
+			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("publication")))
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/pub.curr.conf.json"));
+	}
+
+	@AfterAll
+	public static void tearDown() throws IOException {
+		FileUtils.deleteDirectory(testBaseTmpPath.toFile());
+		spark.close();
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Order(1)
+	void createSimRelsTest() throws Exception {
+		new SparkCreateSimRels(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createSimRels_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath,
+				"--numPartitions", "5"
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		long pubs_simrel = spark
+			.read()
+			.load(DedupUtility.createSimRelPath(workingPath, testActionSetId, "publication"))
+			.count();
+
+		assertEquals(74, pubs_simrel);
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Order(2)
+	void cutMergeRelsTest() throws Exception {
+		new SparkCreateMergeRels(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath,
+				"--cutConnectedComponent", "3"
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		long pubs_mergerel = spark
+			.read()
+			.load(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_mergerel")
+			.as(Encoders.bean(Relation.class))
+			.filter((FilterFunction<Relation>) r -> r.getRelClass().equalsIgnoreCase("merges"))
+			.groupBy("source")
+			.agg(count("target").alias("cnt"))
+			.select("source", "cnt")
+			.where("cnt > 3")
+			.count();
+
+		assertEquals(0, pubs_mergerel);
+
+		FileUtils.deleteDirectory(new File(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_mergerel"));
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Order(3)
+	void createMergeRelsTest() throws Exception {
+		new SparkCreateMergeRels(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		final Dataset<Relation> merges = spark
+			.read()
+			.load(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_mergerel")
+			.as(Encoders.bean(Relation.class));
+
+		final List<Relation> mergeList = merges
+			.filter("source == '50|doi_dedup___::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.collectAsList();
+		assertEquals(3, mergeList.size());
+		Set<String> dups = Sets
+			.newHashSet(
+				"50|doi_________::3b1d0d8e8f930826665df9d6b82fbb73",
+				"50|doi_________::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032",
+				"50|arXiv_______::c93aeb433eb90ed7a86e29be00791b7c");
+		mergeList.forEach(r -> {
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.RESULT_RESULT, r.getRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.DEDUP, r.getSubRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.MERGES, r.getRelClass());
+			assertTrue(dups.contains(r.getTarget()));
+		});
+
+		final List<Relation> mergedIn = merges
+			.filter("target == '50|doi_dedup___::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.collectAsList();
+		assertEquals(3, mergedIn.size());
+		mergedIn.forEach(r -> {
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.RESULT_RESULT, r.getRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.DEDUP, r.getSubRelType());
+			assertEquals(ModelConstants.IS_MERGED_IN, r.getRelClass());
+			assertTrue(dups.contains(r.getSource()));
+		});
+
+		assertEquals(32, merges.count());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Order(4)
+	void createDedupRecordTest() throws Exception {
+		new SparkCreateDedupRecord(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createDedupRecord_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		final Dataset<Publication> roots = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_deduprecord")
+			.map(asEntity(Publication.class), Encoders.bean(Publication.class));
+
+		assertEquals(3, roots.count());
+
+		final Dataset<Publication> pubs = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(DedupUtility.createEntityPath(graphInputPath, "publication"))
+			.map(asEntity(Publication.class), Encoders.bean(Publication.class));
+
+		verifyRoot_case_1(roots, pubs);
+		verifyRoot_case_2(roots, pubs);
+		verifyRoot_case_3(roots, pubs);
+	}
+
+	private static void verifyRoot_case_1(Dataset<Publication> roots, Dataset<Publication> pubs) {
+		Publication root = roots
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_dedup___::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.first();
+		assertNotNull(root);
+
+		Publication crossref_duplicate = pubs
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_________::d5021b53204e4fdeab6ff5d5bc468032'")
+			.collectAsList()
+			.get(0);
+
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getName(), root.getJournal().getName());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getIssnPrinted(), root.getJournal().getIssnPrinted());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getPublisher().getValue(), root.getPublisher().getValue());
+
+		Set<String> rootPids = root
+			.getPid()
+			.stream()
+			.map(StructuredProperty::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+		Set<String> dupPids = crossref_duplicate
+			.getPid()
+			.stream()
+			.map(StructuredProperty::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		assertFalse(Sets.intersection(rootPids, dupPids).isEmpty());
+		assertTrue(rootPids.contains("10.1109/jstqe.2022.3205716"));
+
+		Optional<Instance> instance_cr = root
+			.getInstance()
+			.stream()
+			.filter(i -> i.getCollectedfrom().getValue().equals("Crossref"))
+			.findFirst();
+		assertTrue(instance_cr.isPresent());
+		assertEquals("OPEN", instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getClassid());
+		assertEquals("Open Access", instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getClassname());
+		assertEquals(OpenAccessRoute.hybrid, instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getOpenAccessRoute());
+		assertEquals(
+			"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", instance_cr.get().getHostedby().getValue());
+		assertEquals("0001", instance_cr.get().getInstancetype().getClassid());
+		assertEquals("Article", instance_cr.get().getInstancetype().getClassname());
+	}
+
+	private void verifyRoot_case_2(Dataset<Publication> roots, Dataset<Publication> pubs) {
+		Publication root = roots
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_dedup___::18aff3b55fb6876466a5d4bd82434885'")
+			.first();
+		assertNotNull(root);
+
+		Publication crossref_duplicate = pubs
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_________::18aff3b55fb6876466a5d4bd82434885'")
+			.first();
+
+		// System.err.println(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(root));
+
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getName(), root.getJournal().getName());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getIssnOnline(), root.getJournal().getIssnOnline());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getVol(), root.getJournal().getVol());
+
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getPublisher().getValue(), root.getPublisher().getValue());
+
+		Set<String> dups_cf = pubs
+			.collectAsList()
+			.stream()
+			.flatMap(p -> p.getCollectedfrom().stream())
+			.map(KeyValue::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		Set<String> root_cf = root
+			.getCollectedfrom()
+			.stream()
+			.map(KeyValue::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		assertTrue(Sets.difference(root_cf, dups_cf).isEmpty());
+	}
+
+	private void verifyRoot_case_3(Dataset<Publication> roots, Dataset<Publication> pubs) {
+		Publication root = roots
+			.filter("id = '50|dedup_wf_001::31ca734cc22181b704c4aa8fd050062a'")
+			.first();
+		assertNotNull(root);
+
+		Publication pivot_duplicate = pubs
+			.filter("id = '50|od_______166::31ca734cc22181b704c4aa8fd050062a'")
+			.first();
+
+		assertEquals(pivot_duplicate.getPublisher().getValue(), root.getPublisher().getValue());
+
+		Set<String> dups_cf = pubs
+			.collectAsList()
+			.stream()
+			.flatMap(p -> p.getCollectedfrom().stream())
+			.map(KeyValue::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		Set<String> root_cf = root
+			.getCollectedfrom()
+			.stream()
+			.map(KeyValue::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		assertTrue(Sets.difference(root_cf, dups_cf).isEmpty());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Order(6)
+	void updateEntityTest() throws Exception {
+		new SparkUpdateEntity(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/updateEntity_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--workingPath", workingPath,
+				"--dedupGraphPath", graphOutputPath
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		long publications = spark.read().textFile(graphOutputPath + "/publication").count();
+
+		long mergedPubs = spark
+			.read()
+			.load(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_mergerel")
+			.as(Encoders.bean(Relation.class))
+			.where("relClass=='merges'")
+			.map((MapFunction<Relation, String>) Relation::getTarget, Encoders.STRING())
+			.distinct()
+			.count();
+
+		assertEquals(19, publications); // 16 originals + 3 roots
+
+		long deletedPubs = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(graphOutputPath + "/publication")
+			.map(asEntity(Publication.class), Encoders.bean(Publication.class))
+			.filter("datainfo.deletedbyinference == true")
+			.map((MapFunction<Publication, String>) OafEntity::getId, Encoders.STRING())
+			.distinct()
+			.count();
+
+		assertEquals(mergedPubs, deletedPubs);
+	}
+
+	private static String classPathResourceAsString(String path) throws IOException {
+		return IOUtils
+			.toString(
+				SparkPublicationRootsTest.class
+					.getResourceAsStream(path));
+	}
+
+	private static <T extends OafEntity> MapFunction<String, T> asEntity(Class<T> clazz) {
+		return value -> MAPPER.readValue(value, clazz);
+	}
+
+	private ArgumentApplicationParser args(String paramSpecs, String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException {
+		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(classPathResourceAsString(paramSpecs));
+		parser.parseArgument(args);
+		return parser;
+	}
+
+}

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/SparkPublicationRootsTest2.java

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+
+package eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.dedup;
+
+import static java.nio.file.Files.createTempDirectory;
+
+import static org.apache.spark.sql.functions.count;
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.lenient;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.net.URISyntaxException;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import java.nio.file.Paths;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import org.apache.commons.cli.ParseException;
+import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
+import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.FilterFunction;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.MapFunction;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
+import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
+
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.application.ArgumentApplicationParser;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelConstants;
+import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.*;
+import eu.dnetlib.enabling.is.lookup.rmi.ISLookUpException;
+import eu.dnetlib.enabling.is.lookup.rmi.ISLookUpService;
+
+@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
+@TestMethodOrder(MethodOrderer.OrderAnnotation.class)
+public class SparkPublicationRootsTest2 implements Serializable {
+
+	@Mock(serializable = true)
+	ISLookUpService isLookUpService;
+	private static SparkSession spark;
+
+	private static String workingPath;
+
+	private static String graphInputPath;
+
+	private static String graphOutputPath;
+
+	private static final String testActionSetId = "test-orchestrator";
+
+	private static Path testBaseTmpPath;
+
+	private static final ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper()
+		.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
+
+	@BeforeAll
+	public static void init() throws IOException, URISyntaxException {
+
+		testBaseTmpPath = createTempDirectory(SparkPublicationRootsTest2.class.getSimpleName() + "-");
+
+		final File entitiesSources = Paths
+			.get(SparkPublicationRootsTest2.class.getResource("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/root").toURI())
+			.toFile();
+
+		FileUtils
+			.copyDirectory(
+				entitiesSources,
+				testBaseTmpPath.resolve("input").toFile());
+
+		FileUtils
+			.copyFileToDirectory(
+				Paths
+					.get(
+						SparkPublicationRootsTest2.class
+							.getResource(
+								"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/root/alterations/publication/publication_1.gz")
+							.toURI())
+					.toFile(),
+				testBaseTmpPath.resolve("input").resolve("entities").resolve("publication").toFile());
+
+		workingPath = testBaseTmpPath.resolve("workingPath").toString();
+		graphInputPath = testBaseTmpPath.resolve("input").resolve("entities").toString();
+		graphOutputPath = testBaseTmpPath.resolve("output").toString();
+
+		final SparkConf conf = new SparkConf();
+		conf.set("spark.sql.shuffle.partitions", "10");
+		spark = SparkSession
+			.builder()
+			.appName(SparkPublicationRootsTest2.class.getSimpleName())
+			.master("local[*]")
+			.config(conf)
+			.getOrCreate();
+	}
+
+	@BeforeEach
+	public void setUp() throws IOException, ISLookUpException {
+
+		lenient()
+			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains(testActionSetId)))
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/profiles/mock_orchestrator_publication.xml"));
+
+		lenient()
+			.when(isLookUpService.getResourceProfileByQuery(Mockito.contains("publication")))
+			.thenReturn(classPathResourceAsString("/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/conf/pub.curr.conf.json"));
+	}
+
+	@AfterAll
+	public static void tearDown() throws IOException {
+		FileUtils.deleteDirectory(testBaseTmpPath.toFile());
+	}
+
+	@Test
+	@Order(7)
+	void dedupAlteredDatasetTest() throws Exception {
+
+		new SparkCreateSimRels(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createSimRels_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath,
+				"--numPartitions", "5"
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		new SparkCreateMergeRels(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createCC_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		final Dataset<Relation> merges = spark
+			.read()
+			.load(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_mergerel")
+			.as(Encoders.bean(Relation.class));
+
+		assertEquals(
+			3, merges
+				.filter("relclass == 'isMergedIn'")
+				.map((MapFunction<Relation, String>) Relation::getTarget, Encoders.STRING())
+				.distinct()
+				.count());
+		assertEquals(
+			4, merges
+				.filter("source == '50|doi_dedup___::b3aec7985136e36827176aaa1dd5082d'")
+				.count());
+
+		new SparkCreateDedupRecord(args(
+			"/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/createDedupRecord_parameters.json",
+			new String[] {
+				"--graphBasePath", graphInputPath,
+				"--actionSetId", testActionSetId,
+				"--isLookUpUrl", "lookupurl",
+				"--workingPath", workingPath
+			}), spark)
+				.run(isLookUpService);
+
+		final Dataset<Publication> roots = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(workingPath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/publication_deduprecord")
+			.map(asEntity(Publication.class), Encoders.bean(Publication.class));
+
+		assertEquals(3, roots.count());
+
+		final Dataset<Publication> pubs = spark
+			.read()
+			.textFile(DedupUtility.createEntityPath(graphInputPath, "publication"))
+			.map(asEntity(Publication.class), Encoders.bean(Publication.class));
+
+		Publication root = roots
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_dedup___::b3aec7985136e36827176aaa1dd5082d'")
+			.first();
+		assertNotNull(root);
+
+		Publication crossref_duplicate = pubs
+			.filter("id = '50|doi_________::b3aec7985136e36827176aaa1dd5082d'")
+			.collectAsList()
+			.get(0);
+
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getDateofacceptance().getValue(), root.getDateofacceptance().getValue());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getName(), root.getJournal().getName());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getJournal().getIssnPrinted(), root.getJournal().getIssnPrinted());
+		assertEquals(crossref_duplicate.getPublisher().getValue(), root.getPublisher().getValue());
+
+		Set<String> rootPids = root
+			.getPid()
+			.stream()
+			.map(StructuredProperty::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+		Set<String> dupPids = crossref_duplicate
+			.getPid()
+			.stream()
+			.map(StructuredProperty::getValue)
+			.collect(Collectors.toCollection(HashSet::new));
+
+		assertFalse(Sets.intersection(rootPids, dupPids).isEmpty());
+		assertTrue(rootPids.contains("10.1109/jstqe.2022.3205716"));
+		assertTrue(rootPids.contains("10.1109/jstqe.2023.9999999"));
+
+		Optional<Instance> instance_cr = root
+			.getInstance()
+			.stream()
+			.filter(i -> i.getCollectedfrom().getValue().equals("Crossref"))
+			.findFirst();
+		assertTrue(instance_cr.isPresent());
+		assertEquals("OPEN", instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getClassid());
+		assertEquals("Open Access", instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getClassname());
+		assertEquals(OpenAccessRoute.hybrid, instance_cr.get().getAccessright().getOpenAccessRoute());
+		assertEquals(
+			"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", instance_cr.get().getHostedby().getValue());
+		assertEquals("0001", instance_cr.get().getInstancetype().getClassid());
+		assertEquals("Article", instance_cr.get().getInstancetype().getClassname());
+
+	}
+
+	private static String classPathResourceAsString(String path) throws IOException {
+		return IOUtils
+			.toString(
+				SparkPublicationRootsTest2.class
+					.getResourceAsStream(path));
+	}
+
+	private static <T extends OafEntity> MapFunction<String, T> asEntity(Class<T> clazz) {
+		return value -> MAPPER.readValue(value, clazz);
+	}
+
+	private ArgumentApplicationParser args(String paramSpecs, String[] args) throws IOException, ParseException {
+		ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(classPathResourceAsString(paramSpecs));
+		parser.parseArgument(args);
+		return parser;
+	}
+
+}

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/dedup/SparkStatsTest.java

@@ -168,11 +168,11 @@ public class SparkStatsTest implements Serializable {
 			.textFile(testOutputBasePath + "/" + testActionSetId + "/otherresearchproduct_blockstats")
 			.count();
 
-		assertEquals(477, orgs_blocks);
+		assertEquals(480, orgs_blocks);
 		assertEquals(295, pubs_blocks);
 		assertEquals(122, sw_blocks);
 		assertEquals(191, ds_blocks);
-		assertEquals(171, orp_blocks);
+		assertEquals(178, orp_blocks);
 	}
 
 	@AfterAll

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/resources/eu/dnetlib/dhp/dedup/profiles/mock_orchestrator_publication.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<RESOURCE_PROFILE>
+    <HEADER>
+        <RESOURCE_IDENTIFIER value=""/>
+        <RESOURCE_TYPE value="DedupOrchestrationDSResourceType"/>
+        <RESOURCE_KIND value="DedupOrchestrationDSResources"/>
+        <RESOURCE_URI value=""/>
+        <DATE_OF_CREATION value="2001-12-31T12:00:00"/>
+    </HEADER>
+    <BODY>
+        <CONFIGURATION enabled="true">
+            <DEDUPLICATION>
+                <ENTITY code="20" label="Organization" name="organization"/>
+                <ACTION_SET id="test-orchestrator"/>
+                <SCAN_SEQUENCE>
+                    <SCAN id="publication"/>
+                </SCAN_SEQUENCE>
+            </DEDUPLICATION>
+        </CONFIGURATION>
+        <STATUS>
+            <LAST_UPDATE value="2001-12-31T12:00:00"/>
+        </STATUS>
+        <SECURITY_PARAMETERS>SECURITY_PARAMETERS</SECURITY_PARAMETERS>
+    </BODY>
+</RESOURCE_PROFILE>

dhp-workflows/dhp-dedup-openaire/src/test/resources/log4j.properties

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Root logger option
+log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
+
+# Direct log messages to stdout
+log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
+log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
+log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
+log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n
+
+# Change this to set Spark log level
+log4j.logger.org.apache.spark=ERROR
+log4j.rootCategory=WARN
+
+# Silence akka remoting
+log4j.logger.Remoting=WARN
+
+# Ignore messages below warning level from Jetty, because it's a bit verbose
+log4j.logger.org.eclipse.jetty=WARN
+
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputCommitterFactory=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputCommitter=WARN
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetOutputFormat=WARN
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.parquet.hadoop.InternalParquetRecordWriter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CodecPool=WARN
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.io.compress=WARN
+#log4j.logger.org.apache.parquet.hadoop.codec.CodecConfig=WARN
+log4j.logger.parquet.hadoop.ColumnChunkPageWriteStore=ERROR
+log4j.logger.com.jayway.jsonpath.internal.path.CompiledPath=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.parquet.hadoop.ParquetRecordReader=ERROR
+log4j.logger.parquet.hadoop=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandlerCollection=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.spark_project.jetty.util.component.ContainerLifeCycle=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.hadoop.mapred.FileInputFormat=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.spark_project.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BooleanConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.StringConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.LongConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.ArrayConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.FloatConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.IntegerConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.DoubleConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.CharacterConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.ByteConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BigIntegerConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BigDecimalConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.ShortConverter=WARN
+log4j.logger.org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils=WARN