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        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2429346</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-02-04T04:03:58Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>Using geophysics on a terminal moraine damming a glacial lake: the Flatbre debris flow case,Western
            Norway
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Lecomte, Isabelle</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Thollet, Isabelle</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Juliussen, Håvard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hamran, Svein Erik</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>A debris flow occurred on 8 May 2004, in Fjǽrland, Western Norway, due to a Glacial Lake
            Outburst Flood and a natural terminal moraine failure. The site was investigated in 2004 and 2005, using
            pre- and post-flow aerial photos, airborne laser scanning, and extensive field work investigations,
            resulting in a good understanding of the mechanics of the debris flow, with quantification of the
            entrainment and determination of the final volume involved. However, though the moraine had a clear weak
            point, with lower elevation and erosion due to overflowing in the melting season, the sudden rupture of the
            moraine still needs to be explained. As moraines often contain an ice core, a possible cause could be the
            melting of the ice, inducing a progressive weakening of the structure. Geophysical investigations were
            therefore carried out in September 2006, including seismic refraction, GPR and resistivity. All methods
            worked well, but none revealed the presence of ice, though the depth to bedrock was determined. On the
            contrary, the moraine appeared to be highly saturated in water, especially in one area, away from the actual
            breach and corresponding to observed water seepage at the foot of the moraine. To estimate future hazard,
            water circulation through the moraine should be monitored over time.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2008</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2429346</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1680-7359</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/adgeo-14-301-2008</dc:relation>
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          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2451670</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-08-25T03:04:31Z</datestamp>
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                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Tsunami generation due to submerged blocks and deformable landslides involving retrogression
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Løvholt, Finn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kim, Jihwan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pedersen, Geir Kleivstul</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Tsunami</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Flodbølger</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Flood waves</dc:subject>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2451670</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 205184</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 231252</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2635809</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-14T04:49:36Z</datestamp>
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        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
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          <dc:title>Seismic location and tracking of snow avalanches and slush flows on Mt. Fuji, Japan</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Pérez-Guillén, Cristina</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Tsunematsu, Kae</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nishimura, Kouichi</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Issler, Dieter</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Avalanches are often released at the dormant stratovolcano Mt. Fuji, which is the highest
            mountain of Japan (3776 m a.s.l.). These avalanches exhibit different flow types from dry-snow avalanches in
            winter to slush flows triggered by heavy rainfall in late winter to early spring. Avalanches from different
            flanks represent a major natural hazard as they can reach large dimensions with run-out distances up to
            4 km, destroy parts of the forest, and sometimes damage infrastructure. To monitor the volcanic activity of
            Mt. Fuji, a permanent and dense seismic network is installed around the volcano. The small distance between
            the seismic sensors and the volcano flank (&lt;10 km) allowed us to detect numerous avalanche events from
            the seismic recordings and locate them in time and space. We present the detailed analysis of three
            avalanche or slush flow periods in the winters of 2014, 2016, and 2018. The largest events (size class 4–5)
            are detected by the seismic network at maximum distances of about 15 km, and medium-size events (size class
            3–4) within a radius of 9 km. To localize the seismic events, we used the automated approach of amplitude
            source location (ASL) based on the decay of the seismic amplitudes with distance from the moving flow. The
            recorded amplitudes at each station have to be corrected by the site amplification factors, which are
            estimated by the coda method using data from local earthquakes. Our results show the feasibility of tracking
            the flow path of avalanches and slush flows with considerable precision (on the order of magnitude of 100 m)
            and thus estimating information such as the approximate run-out distance and the average front speed of the
            flows, which are usually poorly known. To estimate the precision of the seismic tracking, we analyzed aerial
            photos of the release area and determined the flow path and run-out distance, estimated the release volume
            from the meteorological records, and conducted numerical simulations with Titan2D to reconstruct the
            dynamics of the flow. The precision as a function of time is deduced from the comparison with the numerical
            simulations, showing mean location errors ranging between 85 and 271 m. The average front speeds estimated
            seismically, which ranged from 27 to 51 m s−1, are consistent with the numerically predicted speeds. In
            addition, we deduced two scaling relationships based on seismic parameters to quantify the size of the mass
            flow events. Our results are indispensable for assessing avalanche risk in the Mt. Fuji region as seismic
            records are often the only available dataset for this natural hazard. The approach presented here could be
            applied in the development of an early-detection and location system for avalanches based on seismic
            sensors.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635809</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2196-6311</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/esurf-7-989-2019</dc:relation>
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          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>989-1007</dc:source>
          <dc:source>7</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Earth Surface Dynamics</dc:source>
          <dc:source>4</dc:source>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2644772</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-03-04T04:49:55Z</datestamp>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
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          <dc:title>Granular viscosity from plastic yield surfaces: The role of the deformation type in granular flows
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Rauter, Matthias</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Barker, T.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Fellin, W.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Numerical simulations of granular flows with Navier–Stokes type models emerged in the last
            decade, challenging the well established depth-averaged models. The structure of these equations allows for
            extension to general rheologies based on complex and realistic constitutive models. Substantial effort has
            been put into describing the effect of the shear rate, i.e. the magnitude of the velocity gradient, on the
            shear stress. Here we analyse the effect of the deformation type. We apply the theories of Mohr–Coulomb and
            Matsuoka–Nakai to calculate the stresses under different deformation types and compare results to the theory
            of Drucker–Prager, which is formulated independently of the deformation type. This model is particularly
            relevant because it is the basis for many granular rheologies, such as the –rheology. All models have been
            implemented into the open-source toolkit OpenFOAM® for a practical application. We found that, within the
            context of these models, the deformation type has a large influence on the stress. However, for the
            geometries considered here, these differences are limited to specific zones which have little influence on
            the landslide kinematics. Finally we are able to give indicators on when the deformation type should be
            considered in modelling of landslides and when it can be neglected.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2020</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2644772</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0266-352X</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.compgeo.2020.103492</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/721403</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>122</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Computers and geotechnics</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
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    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2620185</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-10-05T03:49:21Z</datestamp>
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          <dc:title>Deliverable 2.3. Template for communicating scientific information and results</dc:title>
          <dc:title>Work Package 2 – Co-develop</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Vollstedt, Bente</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Tsakiris, Maureen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Koerth, Jana</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Vafeidis, Athanasios T.</dc:creator>
          <dc:contributor>Oen, Amy Marie Patrin</dc:contributor>
          <dc:description>In the framework of the EVOKED project scientific information on different types of potential
            climate-change impacts has been developed. The aim is to translate these climate data into valuable and
            useful climate services. One aspect we are focusing on is the visualisation of this climate related
            information to specific target groups, while also considering the communication of risk and uncertainty.
            Currently, there are different types of visualization tools available, such as scenarios, maps, or even web
            applications such as story maps.&#xd;
            In this context we have developed a prototype story map template for communicating and visualising
            scientific information to different stakeholders in an understandable way. This document discusses the use
            of story maps for displaying environmental information and data, presents the developed template, and
            describes its components. Further it highlights the technical requirements for its use. This template is
            readily available online and can be easily adopted by other project partners or stakeholders for
            communicating scientific information on a wide range of climate-impact-related topics.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019-09-09</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2620185</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI Rapport;20170408-06-R Rev. 1</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>EVOKED - Enhancing the value of climate data</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/690462</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2437487</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-04-13T03:03:16Z</datestamp>
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      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
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                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Assessing the risk posed by natural hazards to infrastructures</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Eidsvig, Unni</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kristensen, Krister</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Vangelsten, Bjørn Vidar</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper proposes a model for assessing the risk posed by natural hazards to
            infrastructures, with a focus on the indirect losses and loss of stability for the population relying on the
            infrastructure. The model prescribes a three-level analysis with increasing level of detail, moving from
            qualitative to quantitative analysis. The focus is on a methodology for semi-quantitative analyses to be
            performed at the second level. The purpose of this type of analysis is to perform a screening of the
            scenarios of natural hazards threatening the infrastructures, identifying the most critical scenarios and
            investigating the need for further analyses (third level). The proposed semi-quantitative methodology
            considers the frequency of the natural hazard, different aspects of vulnerability, including the physical
            vulnerability of the infrastructure itself, and the societal dependency on the infrastructure. An
            indicator-based approach is applied, ranking the indicators on a relative scale according to pre-defined
            ranking criteria. The proposed indicators, which characterise conditions that influence the probability of
            an infrastructure malfunctioning caused by a natural event, are defined as (1) robustness and buffer
            capacity, (2) level of protection, (3) quality/level of maintenance and renewal, (4) adaptability and
            quality of operational procedures and (5) transparency/complexity/degree of coupling. Further indicators
            describe conditions influencing the socio-economic consequences of the infrastructure malfunctioning, such
            as (1) redundancy and/or substitution, (2) cascading effects and dependencies, (3) preparedness and (4)
            early warning, emergency response and measures. The aggregated risk estimate is a combination of the
            semiquantitative vulnerability indicators, as well as quantitative estimates of the frequency of the natural
            hazard, the potential duration of the infrastructure malfunctioning (e.g. depending on the required
            restoration effort) and the number of users of the infrastructure. Case studies for two Norwegian
            municipalities are presented for demonstration purposes, where risk posed by adverse weather and natural
            hazards to primary road, water supply and power networks is assessed. The application examples show that the
            proposed model provides a useful tool for screening of potential undesirable events, contributing to a
            targeted reduction of the risk.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2437487</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1561-8633</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/nhess-17-481-2017</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>481-504</dc:source>
          <dc:source>17</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Natural hazards and earth system sciences</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2583851</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-02-06T04:07:59Z</datestamp>
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      <metadata>
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                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Estimates on the reach of the powder part of avalanches</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Gauer, Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Avalanche observations from Norway, Austria and Switzerland, which distinguish between dense
            (fluidized) flow and powder part, are analyzed to obtain probability information about the reach of the
            powder part. The analysis suggests that the relative run-out distance of the powder part increases with
            increasing mean slope angle of the track. The data provide useful hints for avalanche practitioners about
            the reach and the corresponding probabilities of the powder part of avalanches.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2583851</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2611931</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-09-03T03:49:17Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
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      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit
            analysis
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Latawiec, Agnieszka E.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Strassburg, Bernardo B.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Junqueira, André B.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Araujo, Ednaldo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>de Moraes, Luiz F.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pinto, Helena A. N.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Castro, Ana</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rangel, Marico</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Malaguti, Gustavo A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rodrigues, Aline</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Barioni, Luis Gustavo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Novotny, Etelvino H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mendes, Maiara</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Batista, Nilcileny</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Guerra, Jose Guilherme</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zonta, Everaldo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jakovac, Catarina</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Most deforested lands in Brazil are occupied by low-productivity cattle ranching. Brazil is
            the second biggest meat producer worldwide and is projected to increase its agricultural output more than
            any other country. Biochar has been shown to improve soil properties and agricultural productivity when
            added to degraded soils, but these effects are context-dependent. The impact of biochar, fertilizer and
            inoculant on the productivity of forage grasses in Brazil (Brachiaria spp. and Panicum spp.) was
            investigated from environmental and socio-economic perspectives. We showed a 27% average increase in
            Brachiaria production over two years but no significant effects of amendment on Panicum yield. Biochar
            addition also increased the contents of macronutrients, soil pH and CEC. Each hectare amended with biochar
            saved 91 tonnes of CO2eq through land sparing effect, 13 tonnes of CO2eq sequestered in the soil, equating
            to U$455 in carbon payments. The costs of biochar production for smallholder farmers, mostly because of
            labour cost, outweighed the potential benefits of its use. Biochar is 617% more expensive than common
            fertilizers. Biochar could improve productivity of degraded pasturelands in Brazil if investments in
            efficient biochar production techniques are used and biochar is subsidized by low emission incentive
            schemes.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit
            analysis
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2611931</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2045-2322</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/s41598-019-47647-x</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243789</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>12</dc:source>
          <dc:source>9</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Scientific Reports</dc:source>
          <dc:source>11993</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2635491</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-10T04:49:33Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Standardization of in situ tests and field work</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Kåsin, Kristoffer</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kirkevolden, Ole Vidar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Instanes, Arne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Andersen, Espen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sinitsyn, Anatoly</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bazin, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lysdahl, Asgeir Kydland</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gundersen, Aleksander S.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This report presents a brief overview of standards for in situ tests and field work carried
            out within the NGTS project.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019-12-04</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635491</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI-rapport;20160154-03-R</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
          <dc:source>44</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2632119</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-12-07T04:49:14Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Characterization of two sites for geotechnical testing in permafrost: Longyearbyen, Svalbard
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Gilbert, Graham</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Instanes, Arne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sinitsyn, Anatoly</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Aalberg, Arne</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>The mean annual air temperature in Svalbard has increased between 3 °C and 5 °C during the
            last 40 to 50 years. The continuous warming trend observed in Svalbard during the last 30 years has raised
            concerns about the stability and durability of existing infrastructure on permafrost and uncertainties
            related to the design of new structures and infrastructure in the region. It is therefore of special
            interest and importance to establish a reference field site for geotechnical testing in permafrost in
            Svalbard. Two benchmark sites are established near Longyearbyen, Svalbard (78°13’N, 15°28’E) for
            geotechnical testing and evaluation of field investigation methods in saline, permafrost soils. These sites,
            named “Adventdalen” and “UNIS East” based on their locations, form part of the research infrastructure of
            the Norwegian GeoTest Sites project. Since 2016, efforts have focused on geotechnical and geothermal
            characterization and instrumentation of the upper 30 m of the soil stratigraphy. Field investigations
            included drilling and core retrieval, installation of thermistor strings, CPTU, and ERT. Laboratory
            investigations focused on index testing and the evaluation of soil thermal properties. This paper
            characterizes soil conditions at these sites and may serve as a reference for others working with saline,
            permafrost soils.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>The Research Council of Norway</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019-12-04</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2632119</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI-Rapport;20160154-07-R</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2647440</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-03-19T04:51:41Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>The effect of biochar, lime and ash on maize yield in a long-term field trial in a Ultisol in the
            humid tropics
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nurida, Neneng L.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jubaedah, *</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sørmo, Erlend</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Silvani, Ludovica</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Abiven, Samuel</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Joseph, Stephen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Taherymoosavi, Sarasadat</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>A multi-season field trial was carried out to investigate the effect of the amendment of
            biochar, lime, ash and washed biochar on the growth of maize. A degraded, strongly acidic Ultisol (pHKCl
            3.60), with a relatively high exchangeable aluminium content (2.4 cmolc/kg) and a low exchangeable calcium
            content (0.99 cmolc/kg), was used. Soil was treated once at the beginning of the field trial and crop growth
            was monitored over seven planting seasons (PS). All treatments increased maize yield. The average increases
            were; seven times for biochar, five times for lime, five times for washed biochar and eight times for ash
            treatment, when compared to the control across all PS. The effect of biochar, lime and ash treatments on
            maize yield were sustained over the seven PS. Soil pHKCl was significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05 level)
            following the addition of all of the amendment materials. All treatments significantly reduced the
            concentration of Al3+ when compared to the control (p &lt; 0.05), with the lowest concentrations for the
            lime and ash treatments. The ash treatment also increased the concentration of macronutrients (K, P and Mg)
            to the greatest extent. Results showed that there was a clear liming effect at play. The better performance
            of biochar compared to lime, despite lime having the highest pH and the lowest Al3+ concentration, can be
            explained by the additional K, Mg and P the biochar adds to the soil. Results also showed a clear nutrient
            addition effect where ash added the most nutrients. Overall, this work supports the fact that small scale
            farmers in Indonesia should produce biochar from their waste agricultural materials. Doing so not only
            provides an increase in crop productivity, but also sequesters carbon resulting in the best overall
            environmental benefit.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2020</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2647440</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0048-9697</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137455</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243789</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Science of the Total Environment</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2374666</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T21:58:41Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>The use of SAR interferometry for landslide mapping in the Indian Himalayas</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Vöge, Malte</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Frauenfelder, Regula</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ekseth, Kristine</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Arora, Manoj K.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bhattacharya, Atanu</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bhasin, Rajinder Kumar</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The aim of the here presented research was to investigate the potential of two-pass
            differential InSAR, and advanced DInSAR techniques, such as Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) and Persistent
            Scatterers (PS) interferometry, in order to detect and monitor the temporal behaviour of surface
            deformations in selected areas of the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya. We present results from the surroundings
            of the town of Nainital, from the Mansa Devi Hills area, and the areas around the cities of Chamoli
            Gopeshwar and Joshimath.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2374666</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2194-9034</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-857-2015</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-857-2015</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375285</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:17:03Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>A GIS method for assessment of rock slide tsunami hazard in Norwegian lakes and reservoirs
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Romstad, Bård</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Carl B.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Domaas, Ulrik</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Flodbølger / Flood waves</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Tsunami / Tsunami</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>An evaluation of rock slide tsunami hazard is applied to all Norwegian lakes larger than 0.1
            km2 based on their topographical setting. The analysis results in a topographic rock slide potential score
            that indicates the relative hazard in each lake. Even though the score value each lake receives should be
            interpreted with caution, the distribution of score values shows that we are able to make a clear
            distinction between lakes with a high vs. lakes with a low hazard. The results also show a clustering of
            threatened lakes in parts of Western Norway as well as some locations in Northern Norway. This makes the
            results useful as a tool for focusing further studies on regions or specific lakes that received high
            scores. The results also show how the method may be used for more detailed analysis of a given lake (or
            fjord). Maps can be produced that may serve as a guide when carrying out field campaigns or when designing
            scenarios for numerical simulations of tsunamis in the lake. It should be emphasised that the rock slide
            potential reported for each lake is based on the topographical setting alone and hence, does not represent
            the actual probability of rock slides into the lakes. For a given area, more detailed investigations of the
            geology, triggering factors and frequency of previous rock slide events should be carried out before
            definite statements about the actual hazard can be made.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2009</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375285</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1684-9981</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://www.nat-hazards-earth-syst-sci.net/9/353/2009/</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2382301</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-05-09T14:19:32Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>How to determine the environmental exposure of PAHs originating from biochar</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Mayer, Philipp</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hilber, Isabel</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gouliarmou, Varvara</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bucheli, Thomas D</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Biochars are obtained by pyrolysing biomass materials and are increasingly used within the
            agricultural sector. Owing to the production process, biochars can contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
            (PAHs) in the high mg/kg range, which makes the determination of the environmental exposure of PAHs
            originating from biochars relevant. However, PAH sorption to biochar is characterized by very high (104-106
            L/kg) or extreme distribution coefficients (KD) (>106 L/kg), which makes the determination of exposure
            scientifically and technically challenging. Cyclodextrin Extractions, Sorptive Bioaccessibility Extractions,
            Tenax Extractions, Contaminant Traps and Equilibrium Sampling were assessed and selected methods used for
            the determination of bioavailability parameters for PAHs in two model biochars. Results showed: (1)
            Distribution coefficients of typically 106-109 L/kg made the biochars often act as sinks, rather than
            sources, of PAHs. (2) Equilibrium Sampling yielded freely dissolved concentrations (pg-ng/L range) that were
            below or near environmental background levels. (3) None of the methods were found to be suitable for the
            direct measurement of the readily desorbing fractions of PAHs (i.e. bioacessibility) in the two biochars.
            (4) The Contaminant Trap method yielded desorption resistant PAH fractions of typically 90-100%, implying
            bioaccessibility in the high µg/kg to low mg/kg range.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2382301</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1520-5851</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1021/acs.est.5b05603</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2574264</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-11-23T04:00:38Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Multi-year double cropping biochar field trials in Nepal: Finding the optimal biochar dose through
            agronomic trials and cost-benefit analysis
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Multi-year double cropping biochar field trials in Nepal: Finding the optimal biochar dose through
            agronomic trials and cost-benefit analysis
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Pandit, Naba Raj</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zimmermann, Andrew R.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pandit, Bishnu Hari</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Poor water and nutrient retention are the major soil fertility limitations in the low
            productivity agricultural soils of Nepal. The addition of biochar to these soils is one way these hindrances
            can be overcome. In the present study, six different biochar doses (control, 5 t ha−1, 10 t ha−1, 15 t ha−1,
            25 t ha−1 and 40 t ha−1) were applied to a moderately acidic silty loam soil from Rasuwa, Nepal and the
            effects on soil physicochemical properties and maize and mustard yield over three years (i.e., six cropping
            seasons), were investigated. Biochar addition did not show significant effects on maize and mustard grain
            yield in the first year, however significant positive effects (p &lt; 0.01) were observed during the second
            and third years. During the second year, maize grain yield significantly increased by 50%, 47% and 93% and
            mustard grain yield by 96%, 128% and 134% at 15 t ha−1, 25 t ha−1 and 40 t ha−1 of biochar respectively. A
            similar significant increase in yield of both crops was observed in the third year. Yields for both maize
            and mustard correlated significantly (p &lt; 0.001) with plant available P, K+, pH, total OC%, CEC, base
            saturation, and increased as a function of biochar addition. On the basis of the measured crop yields for
            the various biochar doses, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out, and gross margin was calculated to
            optimize biochar dose for local farming practice. Total costs included financial cost (farm input, labor and
            biochar production cost), health cost and methane emission cost during biochar production. Health costs were
            a minor factor (&lt;2% of total biochar preparation cost), whereas methane emission costs were significant
            (up to 30% of biochar cost, depending on the C price). Total income comprised sale of crops and carbon
            sequestration credits. The cost-benefit analysis showed that the optimal biochar application dose was
            15 t ha−1 for all C price scenarios, increasing gross margin by 21% and 53%, respectively, for 0 and 42 US$
            per ton CO2 price scenarios. In the current situation, only the 0 US$ price scenario is realistic for rural
            farmers in Nepal, but this still gives benefits of biochar amendment, which are capped at a 15 t ha−1
            biochar addition.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Multi-year double cropping biochar field trials in Nepal: Finding the optimal biochar dose
            through agronomic trials and cost-benefit analysis
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2574264</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0048-9697</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.107</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 217918</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1333-1341</dc:source>
          <dc:source>637-638</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Science of the Total Environment</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2382289</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T04:34:16Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Four decades of observations from NGI’s full-scale avalanche test site Ryggfonn—Summary of
            experimental results
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Gauer, Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kristensen, Krister</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2382289</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0165-232X</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.02.009</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
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      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2618901</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-09-27T03:49:27Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Characterization and engineering properties of the NGTS Onsøy soft clay site</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Gundersen, Aleksander</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hansen, Ragnhild</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lunne, Tom</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>L Heureux, Jean-Sebastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Strandvik, Stein Oddvar</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In the 1960s, NGI investigated numerous potential research sites and established the first
            Onsøy soft clay site in 1968. In 2016, the NGTS project established five research sites, one of which is the
            NGTS Onsøy soft clay site. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for further in-situ and
            laboratory testing at the site and easy access to high-quality soil investigation data. The paper interprets
            the soil conditions providing engineering soil properties, comments on data reliability and quality, and
            correlations between different soil parameters where appropriate. The lightly overconsolidated soft clay
            site has been characterized based on extensive in-situ and laboratory testing. In-situ methods include
            electrical resistivity tomography, multichannel analysis of surface waves, total soundings, rotary pressure
            soundings, cone penetration testing with and without seismic and electrical resistivity measurements,
            dilatometer with seismic measurements, self-boring pressuremeter, electric piezometers, thermistor string,
            hydraulic fracture testing and earth pressure cells. Soil samples were obtained using Sherbrook block
            sampler, Geonor φ 72 mm piston sampler, Geonor φ 54 mm composite piston sampler and hydraulic piston and
            push samplers with liners. Laboratory tests include multi-sensor core logging, index testing, cyclic and
            monotonic, consolidated and unconsolidated triaxial tests, bender element tests, oedometer tests with
            constant rate of strain and incremental loading and direct simple shear tests.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Characterization and engineering properties of the NGTS Onsøy soft clay site</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2618901</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2471-2132</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3934/geosci.2019.3.665</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>665-703</dc:source>
          <dc:source>5</dc:source>
          <dc:source>AIMS Geosciences</dc:source>
          <dc:source>3</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2424998</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-17T04:59:37Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Geomechanical consequences of large-scale fluid storage in the Utsira Formation in the North Sea
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Wangen, Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gasda, Sarah Eileen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>In this work we look at the geomechanical implications of injecting large volumes of fluid in
            the Utsira Formation. Our modelling is based on Biot's poroelasticity in combination with one-phase fluid
            flow. We study four different injection scenarios over 25 year: 1 Mt/year, 10 Mt/year, 100 Mt/year and 1000
            Mt/year. We observe that the pore fluid pressure scales with the injection rate. The strain of the Utsira
            Formation and the related surface uplift can be estimated with simple a 1D model. A particular uncertainty
            with the modelling is the mechanical properties of the Utsira sand and the cap rock.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2424998</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1876-6102</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.10.056</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 233736</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2635497</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-10T04:49:42Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Summary of the 1st International Workshop 23 – 24 November 2016</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ozkul, Zeynep</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>NGI and its partners, NTNU, SINTEF, UNIS and the Norwegian Public Roads&#xd;
            Administration (NPRA), have received funding from The Research Council of Norway&#xd;
            (RCN) to develop a new Norwegian GeoTest sites research infrastructure. From 2016 to&#xd;
            2019, five benchmark sites will be established. The research infrastructure is unique in&#xd;
            its wingspan, and the benchmark test sites will be available for at least 20 years. The&#xd;
            five test sites developed as field laboratories in Norway, will cover a wide range of&#xd;
            typical soil conditions: soft clay, silt, sand, quick clay and frozen soil (permafrost). The&#xd;
            sites will be available to industry, public authorities, research organizations and&#xd;
            academia worldwide so that they also can use the sites as benchmark to test new soil&#xd;
            investigation methods, new foundation solutions, test new and old equipment, do long&#xd;
            term observations such as creep behaviour and perform specialized testing to develop&#xd;
            soil models. The project will also establish a network of specialists working on test sites&#xd;
            abroad. In this way it will be possible to exchange information for a wide range of soil&#xd;
            conditions worldwide.&#xd;
            As part of the NGTS project an international workshop was arranged at NGI in Oslo on&#xd;
            November 23rd and 24th, 2016. The aim of this workshop was to i) discuss with national&#xd;
            and international expert on the best approach for characterization of each NGTS sites,&#xd;
            ii) gather experience and learn from other similar Geotechnical Experimental Site&#xd;
            abroad, iii) pinpoint at an early stage in the infrastructure project the potential challenges&#xd;
            to come. The support, encouragement and advice from the 24 workshop attendees are&#xd;
            greatly appreciated:&#xd;
            Karl Ivar Volden Kvisvik (NTNU) Vidar Gjelsvik (NGI)&#xd;
            Samson Degago (NPRA) Tom Lunne (NGI)&#xd;
            Sigurdur Valsson (NPRA) Laura A. Henderson (NGI)&#xd;
            Frode Oset (NPRA) Zeynep Ozkul (NGI)&#xd;
            Arne Instanes (UNIS) Herman Farbrot (RCN)&#xd;
            Arne Aalberg (UNIS) Gisle Håland (Statoil)&#xd;
            Anatoly Sinitsyn (SINTEF) Tor Inge Tjelta (Statoil)&#xd;
            Stein Olav Christensen (SINTEF) Don DeGroot (University of Massachusetts, Amherst)&#xd;
            Jean-Sebastien L'Heureux (NGI) Mike Long (University College Dublin, Ireland)&#xd;
            Stein Strandvik (NGI) An Bin Huang (National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan)&#xd;
            Roselyn Carroll (NGI) Thomas Ingeman-Nielsen (Technical Univ. of Denmark)&#xd;
            Øyvind Blaker (NGI) Jedrzej Wierzbicki (AMU., Poland)&#xd;
            This report gives a summary of the two-day NGTS workshop. It includes a short&#xd;
            presentation of the NGTS project with its goal, framework and timeline, and compiles&#xd;
            technical information and plans for each of the five Norwegian GeoTest sites at Onsøy&#xd;
            (soft clay), Halden (silt), Tiller (quick clay), Øysand (sand) and on Svalbard&#xd;
            (permafrost). Also included is a summary of discussions and recommendations for each&#xd;
            sites. All presentations from the international workshop are reproduced in the&#xd;
            appendices of this report.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017-01-23</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635497</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI-rapport;20160154-15-R</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
          <dc:source>434</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2574280</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-11-23T04:11:37Z</datestamp>
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        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>An analytical plane-strain solution for surface uplift due to pressurized reservoirs</dc:title>
          <dc:title>An analytical plane-strain solution for surface uplift due to pressurized reservoirs</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Wangen, Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Halvorsen, Gotskalk</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gasda, Sarah Eileen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In this paper, we present an analytical plane strain solution for surface uplift above
            pressurized reservoirs. The solution is based on a Fourier representation of the reservoir pressure. The
            plane strain model is developed in two stages: First, an exact solution is derived for the displacement
            field for the reservoir alone subjected to a periodic overpressure distribution of one wavelength. This
            one-layer model forms the basis for the analytical plane strain solution for a two-layer model –a
            pressurized reservoir with an overburden. We give an example where numerically computed uplift is quite
            accurately estimated by a simple 1D estimate, except for in the near well area. The plane-strain solution is
            well suited to study conditions for when the simple 1D approximation of the uplift is accurate. A condition
            for the accuracy of the simple 1D approximation is first derived for just the reservoir expanded by a
            periodic overpressure distribution of one wavelength, which corresponds to one term in a Fourier series. The
            1D estimate is accurate for wavelengths larger than 2π2π times the reservoir thickness. Then, a condition is
            derived for when the 1D estimate is accurate for the two-layer model. We show that the wavelength of the
            overpressure distribution must be larger than 2π2π times the maximum of the reservoir thickness and the
            overburden thickness for the 1D approximation to be accurate. We demonstrate how uplift is computed from a
            Fourier decomposition of the reservoir overpressure. The resulting uplift is analysed in terms of Fourier
            coefficients, using the knowledge of how a single wavelength behaves. The analytical results for the
            displacement field and the uplift are tested by comparison with finite element simulations, and the match is
            excellent.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>An analytical plane-strain solution for surface uplift due to pressurized reservoirs
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2574280</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2352-3808</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.gete.2018.03.002</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 244570</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 233736</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>25-34</dc:source>
          <dc:source>13</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2600243</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-02-06T23:00:00Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Acoustic and petrophysical properties of mechanically compacted overconsolidated sands: part 1 –
            experimental results
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Narongsirikul, Sirikarn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mondol, Nazmul Haque</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jahren, Jens</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper part one is set out to lay primary observations of experimental compaction
            measurements to form the basis for rock physics modelling in paper part two. P‐ and S‐wave velocities and
            corresponding petrophysical (porosity and density) properties of seven unconsolidated natural sands with
            different mineralogical compositions and textures are reported. The samples were compacted in a uniaxial
            strain configuration from 0.5 up to 30 MPa effective stresses. Each sand sample was subjected to three
            loading cycles to study the influence of stress reduction on acoustic velocities and rock physical
            properties with the key focus on simulating a complex burial history with periods of uplift. Results show
            significant differences in rock physical properties between normal compaction and overconsolidation
            (unloaded and reloaded). The differences observed for total porosity, density, and P‐ and S‐wave velocities
            are attributed to irrecoverable permanent deformation. Microtextural differences affect petrophysical,
            acoustic, elastic and mechanical properties, mostly during normal consolidation but are less significant
            during unloading and reloading. Different pre‐consolidation stress magnitudes, stress conditions (isotropic
            or uniaxial) and mineral compositions do not significantly affect the change in porosity and velocities
            during unloading as a similar steep velocity–porosity gradient is observed. The magnitude of change in the
            total porosity is low compared to the associated change in P‐ and S‐wave velocities during stress release.
            This can be explained by the different sensitivity of the porosity and acoustic properties (velocities) to
            the change in stress. Stress reduction during unloading yields maximum changes in the total porosity, P‐ and
            S‐wave velocities of 5%, 25%, and 50%, respectively. These proportions constitute the basis for the
            following empirical (approximation) correlations: Δϕ ∼ ±5 ΔVP and ΔVP ∼ ±2ΔVS. The patterns observed in the
            experiments are similar to well log data from the Barents Sea. Applications to rock physics modelling and
            reservoir monitoring are reported in a companion paper.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2600243</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0016-8025</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1111/1365-2478.12744</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>804-824</dc:source>
          <dc:source>67</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geophysical Prospecting</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2446791</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-06-24T03:06:12Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>A Constitutive Model for Soft Clays Incorporating Elastic and Plastic Cross-Anisotropy</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Castro, Jorge</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sivasithamparam, Nallathamby</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Natural clays exhibit a significant degree of anisotropy in their fabric, which initially is
            derived from the shape of the clay platelets, deposition process and one-dimensional consolidation. Various
            authors have proposed anisotropic elastoplastic models involving an inclined yield surface to reproduce
            anisotropic behavior of plastic nature. This paper presents a novel constitutive model for soft structured
            clays that includes anisotropic behavior both of elastic and plastic nature. The new model incorporates
            stress-dependent cross-anisotropic elastic behavior within the yield surface using three independent elastic
            parameters because natural clays exhibit cross-anisotropic (or transversely isotropic) behavior after
            deposition and consolidation. Thus, the model only incorporates an additional variable with a clear physical
            meaning, namely the ratio between horizontal and vertical stiffnesses, which can be analytically obtained
            from conventional laboratory tests. The model does not consider evolution of elastic anisotropy, but
            laboratory results show that large strains are necessary to cause noticeable changes in elastic anisotropic
            behavior. The model is able to capture initial non-vertical effective stress paths for undrained triaxial
            tests and to predict deviatoric strains during isotropic loading or unloading.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2446791</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1996-1944</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/ma10060584</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>10</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Materials</dc:source>
          <dc:source>6</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2374676</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T21:57:49Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Fourfold Increase in Pumpkin Yield in Response to Low-Dosage Root Zone Application of Urine-Enhanced
            Biochar to a Fertile Tropical Soil
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Schmidt, Hans Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pandit, Bishnu Hari</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Martinsen, Vegard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Conte, Pellegrino</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kammann, Claudia I.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>A widely abundant and invasive forest shrub, Eupatorium adenophorum, was pyrolyzed in a
            cost-efficient flame curtain kiln to produce biochar. The resulting biochar fulfilled all the requirements
            for premium quality, according to the European Biochar Certificate. The biochar was either applied alone or
            mixed with fresh cow urine (1:1 volume) to test its capacity to serve as slow release fertilizer in a
            pumpkin field trial in Nepal. Treatments included cow-manure compost combined with (i) urine-only; (ii)
            biochar-only or (iii) urine-loaded biochar. All materials were applied directly to the root zone at a
            biochar dry matter content of 750 kg·ha−1 before seeding. The urine-biochar treatment led to a pumpkin yield
            of 82.6 t·ha−1, an increase of more than 300% compared with the treatment where only urine was applied, and
            an 85% increase compared with the biochar-only treatment. This study showed for the first time that a
            low-dosage root zone application of urine-enhanced biochar led to substantial yield increases in a fertile
            silt loam soil. This was tentatively explained by the formation of organic coating of inner pore biochar
            surfaces by the urine impregnation, which improved the capacity of the biochar to capture and exchange plant
            nutrients.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2374676</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2077-0472</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/agriculture5030723</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2583857</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-02-06T04:06:46Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Numerical solutions for nonlinear high damping rubber bearing isolators: Newmark's method with
            Netwon-Raphson iteration revisited
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Markou, Athanasios</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Manolis, George D.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Numerical methods for the solution of dynamical problems in engineering go back to 1950. The
            most famous and widely-used time stepping algorithm was developed by Newmark in 1959. In the present study,
            for the first time, the Newmark algorithm is developed for the case of the trilinear hysteretic model, a
            model that was used to describe the shear behaviour of high damping rubber bearings. This model is
            calibrated against free-vibration field tests implemented on a hybrid base isolated building, namely the
            Solarino project in Italy, as well as against laboratory experiments. A single-degree-offreedom system is
            used to describe the behaviour of a low-rise building isolated with a hybrid system comprising high damping
            rubber bearings and low friction sliding bearings. The behaviour of the high damping rubber bearings is
            simulated by the trilinear hysteretic model, while the description of the behaviour of the low friction
            sliding bearings is modeled by a linear Coulomb friction model. In order to prove the effectiveness of the
            numerical method we compare the analytically solved trilinear hysteretic model calibrated from
            free-vibration field tests (Solarino project) against the same model solved with the Newmark method with
            Netwon-Raphson iteration. Almost perfect agreement is observed between the semi-analytical solution and the
            fully numerical solution with Newmark’s time integration algorithm. This will allow for extension of the
            trilinear mechanical models to bidirectional horizontal motion, to time-varying vertical loads, to
            multi-degree-of-freedom-systems, as well to generalized models connected in parallel, where only numerical
            solutions are possible.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2583857</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0861-6663</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.2478/jtam-2018-0004</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>46-58</dc:source>
          <dc:source>48</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (Bulgaria) (J. theor. appl. mech.)</dc:source>
          <dc:source>1</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2574257</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-11-23T04:07:48Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>REDWIN – REDucing cost in offshore WINd by integrated structural and geotechnical design</dc:title>
          <dc:title>REDWIN – REDucing cost in offshore WINd by integrated structural and geotechnical design</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Skau, Kristoffer Skjolden</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Page, Ana M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kaynia, Amir M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Løvholt, Finn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Norén-Cosgriff, Karin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sturm, Hendrik</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Andersen, H.S.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nygaard, Tor Anders</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jostad, Hans Petter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Eiksund, Gudmund Reidar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Havmøller, O.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Strøm, P.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Eichler, D.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>The cost of offshore wind energy production has to be reduced continuously to improve its
            competitiveness compared to other energy sources. To contribute to this goal, a 4- year research project
            REDWIN – REDucing cost of offshore WINd by structural and geotechnical integrated design – is currently
            ongoing, addressing the challenge of integrating the geotechnical discipline in the design process. The
            project aims to develop foundation and soil models to be used in dynamic time-domain analyses of offshore
            wind turbine structures. A library of models has been developed for representation of the most common
            foundation types. The models can be applied to different ground conditions by site-specific model input. To
            make the models applicable for practical usage, it has been important to balance the need for computational
            effectiveness against the need for accuracy. Studies so far indicate that the foundation models improve the
            accuracy in the integrated analyses.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2574257</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1742-6588</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1088/1742-6596/1104/1/012</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243984</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1104</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Journal of Physics, Conference Series</dc:source>
          <dc:source>1</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2446786</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-02T09:00:17Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
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        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Life-cycle assessment of biochar production systems in tropical rural areas: Comparing flame curtain
            kilns to other production methods
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Smebye, Andreas</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sparrevik, Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Schmidt, Hans Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>A life-cycle assessment (LCA) using end point methods was performed for the generation and
            sequestration of one kg biochar by various pyrolysis methods suitable for rural tropical conditions. Flame
            curtain kilns, a novel, simple and cost-effective technology of biochar generation, were compared to earth
            mound non-improved kilns, retort kilns with off-gases combustion, pyrolytic cook-stoves allowing the use of
            the gas flame for cooking purposes, and iv) gasifiers with electricity production. The impact categories of
            climate change, particulate matter emissions, land use effects, minerals and fossil fuels were combined to
            provide the overall impact of biochar generation. In the LCA ranking, earth mound kilns were shown to have
            negative potential environmental impacts because of their gas and aerosol emissions. Flame curtain kilns had
            slightly lower potential impact than retort kilns and much lower impact than earth-mound kilns because of
            the avoidance of start-up wood and low material use and gas emissions. Making biochar from flame curtain
            kilns was observed to be environmentally neutral in a life-cycle perspective, as the production emissions
            were compensated for by carbon sequestration. Pyrolytic cook-stoves and gasifiers showed the most positive
            potential environmental impact in the LCA due to avoided firewood consumption and emissions from electricity
            generation, respectively. The generation and sequestration of biochar per se by flame curtain kilns was not
            found to result in direct environmental benefits. Co-benefits in the form of rural applicability,
            cost-efficiency and agricultural effects due to soil improvement are needed to warrant biochar
            implementation by this method.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2446786</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0961-9534</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.04.001</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>35-43</dc:source>
          <dc:source>101</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Biomass &amp; Bioenergy</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2647438</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-03-19T04:51:46Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Comments on “On a Continuum Model for Avalanche Flow and Its Simplified Variants” by S. S. Grigorian
            and A. V. Ostroumov
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Issler, Dieter</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2020</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/other</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2647438</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2076-3263</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/geosciences10030096</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>96-96</dc:source>
          <dc:source>10</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geosciences</dc:source>
          <dc:source>3</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2382291</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:21:08Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Clasificación probabilistica de umbrales de lluvia para predecir deslizamientos de tierra</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Medina-Cetina, Zenon</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cepeda, Rivera Jose Mauricio</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Este artículo presenta la formulación probabilista de un modelo empírico para la determinación
            de deslizamientos de tierra producidos por el efecto de lluvia. El modelo de umbral propuesto I contiene un
            vector de parámetros, el cual integra el efecto de la intensidad de la lluvia I y su duración D. La
            clasificación probabilista de este modelo está basada en la solución del problema inverso definido por el
            marco teórico Bayesiano. Esta aproximación permite la identificación, caracterización y propagación de la
            incertidumbre contenida en los datos utilizados para la clasificación del modelo. El uso del paradigma
            Bayesiano resulta en la integración de una función de probabilidad conjunta definida por los parámetros del
            modelo de clasificación, el cual incluye su correlación estructural. A partir de esta función, es posible
            generar combinaciones de los parámetros del modelo que reflejen realizaciones de los umbrales más probables,
            de las cuales se puedan obtener estadísticas de variación para diferentes condiciones de intensidad y
            duración de lluvia, y proveer así una medida de confianza sobre las predicciones del modelo. Se presenta un
            caso de estudio basado en la colección de datos I-D que incluyen observaciones con y sin deslizamientos de
            tierra en la vecindad del volcán de El Salvador. La aplicación fundamental de este estudio es la definición
            probabilista de los niveles de alerta temprana condicionados en las observaciones históricas de los sistemas
            de monitoreo de la región.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2012</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2382291</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>spa</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1535-0088</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://academic.uprm.edu/laccei/index.php/RIDNAIC/article/view/338</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2636759</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-18T04:49:18Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>AVO Modelling Considering Various Caprock and Reservoir Scenarios for Potential CO2 Storage in
            Smeaheie Area, Northern North Sea
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Fawad, Manzar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mondol, Nazmul Haque</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>We have performed a comparative study of undrained triaxial testing with five different
            laboratories, to explore the reproducibility of test results. Opalinus Clay was sourced as testing material
            from a borehole at the Mont Terri URL. Cores were vacuum-sealed, and resin impregnated immediately after
            recovery. Systematic determination of basic properties such as water content, grain density and bulk
            mineralogy of specimens after testing assisted in diagnostic test evaluation. A detailed testing protocol
            was requested to avoid specimen damage during initial loading («swelling») and to verify specimen
            saturation. A balanced pore fluid was used for testing, and a consolidation phase was performed to reach
            specific target effective stress levels prior to the shear phase. One laboratory deviated from these
            protocols, as it did not use an external pore fluid. Instead, specimens were brought to variable saturation
            levels in a desiccator prior to assembling them into the rig. For specimens with almost identical basic
            properties, the test results were indeed found to be in very good agreement, despite the different
            procedures applied. Differences in test results can be attributed to material heterogeneity. The study
            provides compelling evidence that robust triaxial testing can be achieved with shales.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636759</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3997/2214-4609.201900301</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-1-5108-8666-7</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>6th EAGE Shale Workshop 2019, Bordequx, France 28 April - 1 May 2019</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 280472</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2644773</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-03-04T04:49:57Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Verification of a framework for cyclic p-y curves in clay by hindcast of Sabine River, SOLCYP and
            centrifuge laterally loaded pile tests
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Zhang, Youhu</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Andersen, Knut H</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jeanjean, Philippe</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Pile foundations supporting offshore structures, such as jacket platforms, are subjected to
            cyclic lateral loading. The capacity and deformation of these pile foundations under cyclic lateral loading
            are important and challenging design aspects. The purpose of this paper is to present verification of a
            framework for analysing the lateral pile response under cyclic loading in clay, based on fundamental soil
            behaviour measured in the laboratory at the element level. This framework can account for site-specific
            cyclic soil properties, summarized in classic contour diagrams, and the site-specific cyclic loading
            characteristics in design. This is a step-change improvement from current codes and standards
            recommendations which are based on a series of tests on a single pile at a single site (i.e. the Sabine
            River tests, Matlock 1962, 1970). The paper first provides a brief summary of the framework and outlines the
            important assumptions and calculation procedures. The paper then presents a comprehensive validation
            exercise of the framework through back-analyses of three sets of 1-g and centrifuge tests, covering
            different soil conditions (strength profile, OCR and plasticity) and loading sequences. This hindcast
            demonstrates the model's capabilities to capture the essential behaviours of pile foundations under cyclic
            lateral loading and its added value as a design tool, when compared with current practice.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2020</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2644773</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0141-1187</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.apor.2020.102085</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>97</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Applied Ocean Research</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375297</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:18:13Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Potential of remote sensing techniques for tsunami hazard and vulnerability analysis – a case study
            from Phang-Nga province, Thailand
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Römer, H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Willroth, P.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kaiser, Gunilla</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Vafeidis, A. T.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ludwig, R.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sterr, H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Revilla Diez, J.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Recent tsunami disasters, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami or the 2011 Japan earthquake
            and tsunami, have highlighted the need for effective risk management. Remote sensing is a relatively new
            method for risk analysis, which shows significant potential in conducting spatially explicit risk and
            vulnerability assessments. In order to explore and discuss the potential and limitations of remote sensing
            techniques, this paper presents a case study from the tsunami-affected Andaman Sea coast of Thailand. It
            focuses on a local assessment of tsunami hazard and vulnerability, including the socio-economic and
            ecological components. High resolution optical data, including IKONOS data and aerial imagery (MFC-3 camera)
            as well as different digital elevation models, were employed to create basic geo-data including land use and
            land cover (LULC), building polygons and topographic data sets and to provide input data for the hazard and
            vulnerability assessment. Results show that the main potential of applying remote sensing techniques and
            data derives from a synergistic combination with other types of data. In the case of hazard analysis,
            detailed LULC information and the correction of digital surface models (DSMs) significantly improved the
            results of inundation modeling. The vulnerability assessment showed that remote sensing can be used to
            spatially extrapolate field data on socio-economic or ecological vulnerability collected in the field, to
            regionalize exposure elements and assets and to predict vulnerable areas. Limitations and inaccuracies
            became evident regarding the assessment of ecological resilience and the statistical prediction of
            vulnerability components, based on variables derived from remote sensing data.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2012</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375297</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1684-9981</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/nhess-12-2103-2012</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2605148</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-07-13T03:49:19Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>A New Approximate Method for Quantifying Tsunami Maximum Inundation Height Probability</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Glimsdal, Sylfest</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Løvholt, Finn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Romano, F.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lorito, S.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Orefice, S.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Brizuela, B.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Selva, J.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hoechner, A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Volpe, M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Babeyko, A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Tonini, R.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Wronna, M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Omira, R.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Regional and global tsunami hazard analysis requires simplified and efficient methods for
            estimating the tsunami inundation height and its related uncertainty. One such approach is the amplification
            factor (AF) method. Amplification factors describe the relation between offshore wave height and the maximum
            inundation height, as predicted by linearized plane wave models employed for incident waves with different
            wave characteristics. In this study, a new amplification factor method is developed that takes into account
            the offshore bathymetry proximal to the coastal site. The present AFs cover the North-Eastern Atlantic and
            Mediterranean (NEAM) region. The model is the first general approximate model that quantifies inundation
            height uncertainty. Uncertainty quantification is carried out by analyzing the inundation height variability
            in more than 500 high-resolution inundation simulations at six different coastal sites. The inundation
            simulations are undertaken with different earthquake sources in order to produce different wave period and
            polarity. We show that the probability density of the maximum inundation height can be modeled with a
            log-normal distribution, whose median is quite well predicted by the AF. It is further demonstrated that the
            associated maximum inundation height uncertainties are significant and must be accounted for in tsunami
            hazard analysis. The application to the recently developed TSUMAPS-NEAM probabilistic tsunami hazard
            analysis (PTHA) is presented as a use case.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2605148</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0033-4553</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s00024-019-02091-w</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/603839</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>3227-3246</dc:source>
          <dc:source>176</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Pure and Applied Geophysics</dc:source>
          <dc:source>7</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2600249</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-09-12T12:08:19Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Field experiments at three sites to investigate the effects of age on steel piles driven in sand
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Carroll, Roselyn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Carotenuto, Pasquale</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Dano, C.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Salama, I.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Silva, M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rimoy, S.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gavin, K.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jardine, R.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper investigates the influences that steel type, in-situ soil properties, water table
            depth, pile diameter, roughness and driving procedures have on the ageing behaviour of piles driven in sand.
            Tension tests have been performed on fifty-one, 48 to 60mm, outside diameter open-ended steel micro-piles
            driven at well-established research sites at Larvik in Norway, Dunkirk in France and Blessington in Ireland
            to better understand the processes that control axial capacity set-up trends in the field. Mild steel,
            stainless and galvanised steel micro-piles were driven and left to age undisturbed for periods of between 2
            hours and 696 days before being subjected to first-time axial tension load tests. In addition to reporting
            and interpreting these experiments, further investigations of the sites’ geotechnical profiles are reported,
            including new piezocone and seismic cone penetration soundings as well as laboratory tests. Integration with
            earlier ageing studies at the same sites with larger (340 to 508mm outside diameter) open-ended steel piles
            driven to 7 to 20m embedment’s and experiments that varied the piles’ initial surface roughness shows that
            corrosion, pile-scale, roughness, the bonding of soil particles and the driving process can all be highly
            significant. New insights are gained into the mechanisms that control the axial capacity of piles driven in
            sand.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2600249</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0016-8505</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1680/jgeot.17.p.185</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Géotechnique</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2637932</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-28T04:49:17Z</datestamp>
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      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Inferences on Mixed Snow Avalanches from Field Observations</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Issler, Dieter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gauer, Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Schaer, Mark</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Keller, Stefan</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Observations of the deposits, flow marks, and damages of three mixed-snow avalanches of widely
            different size were analyzed with regard to flow regimes, velocities, pressures, densities, flow depths,
            erosion modes, and mass balance. Three deposit types of different density and granulometry could be clearly
            discerned in these avalanches. They are attributed to dense, fluidized, and suspension flow regimes,
            respectively. Combining observations, we estimated the density in the fluidized layer as 35–100 kg m −3 , in
            good agreement with inferences from pressure measurements. Upper bounds for the suspension layer density,
            arising from the run-up height, velocity, and damage pattern, are about 5 kg m −3 at the valley bottom. An
            approximate momentum balance of the dense layer suggests that the snow cover was eroded to considerable
            depth, but only partly entrained into the flow proper. The suspension layer had largely lost its erosive
            power at the point where it separated from the denser parts of the avalanche. Our estimates shed doubt on
            collisions between snow particles and aerodynamic forces at the head of the avalanche as sole mechanisms for
            creating and upholding the fluidized layer. We conjecture that the drag from air escaping from the snow
            cover as it is being compressed by the overriding avalanche could supply the missing lift force.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2637932</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2076-3263</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/geosciences10010002</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>10</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geosciences</dc:source>
          <dc:source>1</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2560316</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-09-01T03:11:37Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Deliverable 1.1. Living Lab Co-Design Requirements Guiding Paper. Work Package 1: Co-design
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Well, Lisa Van</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>Living Labs</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Stakeholders</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>The goal of this document is to outline the first practical steps and tasks in the Co-design
            process. As such, it provides guidelines for the EVOKED partners to begin the first phase of the Living Lab
            Process. It consists of a brief literature review of Living Labs and we show how this has informed our own
            working definition of a Living Lab as well as our EVOKED conceptualisations and Living Lab Principles. We
            provide a description of the four Co-design tasks: Needs and visions analysis, Stakeholder analysis,
            Context/governance analysis, and Planning of next Living Lab actions. This deliverable also includes a
            “living” glossary of terms used within EVOKED and references. The deliverable has been widely discussed and
            grounded with all EVOKED partners.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018-05-16</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2560316</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI Rapport;20170408-01-R</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 274193</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>EVOKED - Enhancing the value of climate data</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Swedish Geotechnical Institute</dc:publisher>
          <dc:source>32</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2589976</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-03-15T04:02:14Z</datestamp>
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        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Petrophysical Analysis And Rock Physics Diagnostics Of Sognefjord Formation In The Smeaheia Area,
            Northern North Sea
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Mondol, Nazmul Haque</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Fawad, Manzar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Park, Joonsang</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This study focuses on petrophysical characterization and rock physics diagnostics of the
            reservoir sandstones of Sognefjord Formation in the Smeaheia area that penetrated by an exploration well
            32/4-1. The large scale CO2 storage site “Smeaheia” is located east of the Troll field in the Stord Basin.
            The CO2 storage formation is identified within a fault block bounded by major faults to the north, east and
            west, where the faults system in the east is the Øygarden Fault Complex and the fault to the west and north
            is the Vette Fault. The storage formation has pinched out towards the south. Petrophysical analysis and rock
            physics diagnostics suggest that the reservoir sandstone is uncemented and has good to excellent reservoir
            quality. The reservoir sandstone can be subdivided into three zones where the lower unit (Zone-3) has an
            excellent reservoir quality (high porosity, high permeability and less clay content) compared to the upper
            unit (Zone-1 and Zone-2). The two carbonate stringers are present in Zone-3 interpreted as extremely high
            resistivity, high density, high Vp and low porosity/permeability units which could be flow barriers based on
            their lateral extent.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Petrophysical Analysis And Rock Physics Diagnostics Of Sognefjord Formation In The Smeaheia
            Area, Northern North Sea
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2589976</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 268520</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2632130</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-12-07T04:49:18Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Øysand research site: Geotechnical characterisation of deltaic sandy-silty soils</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Quinteros, Santiago</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gundersen, Aleksander</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Carraro, Antonio H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jardine, Richard</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper describes the geology and geotechnical engineering properties of the fluvial and
            deltaic gravelly-sandy-silty sediments at Øysand, Norway. Geophysical and geotechnical site investigations
            carried out between 2016 and 2018 at the site are presented. Field testing included state-of-the-practice
            and state-of-the-art soil characterisation techniques such as total sounding, seismic cone penetration
            testing, seismic flat dilatometer, multichannel analysis of surface waves, electrical resistivity
            tomography, ground penetrating radar, piezometers, thermistors strings, slug tests, and permeability tests
            using a newly developed CPT permeability probe from NGI. Several sampling techniques were used at the site
            to assess sample quality. Laboratory testing consisted of index tests and advanced triaxial tests with
            bender elements to estimate shear strength and stiffness. Data interpretation, engineering soil properties
            and state variables derived from this analysis are presented, along with comments on data quality.
            Engineering problems investigated at Øysand so far and discussed in this paper are related to: the impact of
            using different CPTU types, sample quality assessment by obtaining soils with state-of-the-practice and
            state-of-the-art techniques (such as gel push sampler and ground freezing), and frost heave susceptibility.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Research Council of Norway (RCN)</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019-12-04</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2632130</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI-rapport;20190154-09-R</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norwegian GeoTest Sites (NGTS)</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2484378</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-02-14T04:09:48Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Comments on avalanche flow models based on the concept of random kinetic energy</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Issler, Dieter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jenkins, JT</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>McElwaine, J.N.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In a series of papers, Bartelt and co-workers developed novel snow-avalanche models in which
            random kinetic energy RK (a.k.a. granular temperature) is a key concept. The earliest models were for a
            single, constant density layer, using a Voellmy model but with RK-dependent friction parameters. This was
            then extended to variable density, and finally a suspension layer (powder-snow cloud) was added. The
            physical basis and mathematical formulation of these models is critically reviewed here, with the following
            main findings: (i) Key assumptions in the original RKE model differ substantially from established results
            on dense granular flows; in particular, the effective friction coefficient decreases to zero with velocity
            in the RKE model. (ii) In the variable-density model, non-canonical interpretation of the energy balance
            leads to a third-order evolution equation for the flow depth or density, whereas the stated assumptions
            imply a first-order equation. (iii) The model for the suspension layer neglects gravity and disregards well
            established theoretical and experimental results on particulate gravity currents. Some options for improving
            these aspects are discussed.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2484378</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0022-1430</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>16</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Journal of Glaciology</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375281</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:17:00Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Submarine landslides and the importance of the initial sediment composition for run-out length and
            final deposit
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Elverhøi, Anders</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Breien, Hedda</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>De Blasio, Fabio V</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Carl B</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pagliardi, M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Much remains to understand the dynamic processes during the flow of submarine landslides. A
            first relevant problem is to explain the extraordinary mobility of submarine landslides, which has no
            comparison in subaerial mass movement. Another challenging question is the apparent disparity between
            submarine landslides that remain compact for hundreds of kilometres and those that disintegrate during the
            flow, finally evolving into turbidity currents. This problem is linked to a central ongoing debate on the
            relative importance of turbidity currents versus submarine landslides in reshaping the continental margin.
            Based on three epitomic case studies and on laboratory experiments with artificial debris flows of various
            composition, we suggest a possible explanation for the disparity between compact and disintegrating
            landslides, identifying the clay-to-sand ratio as the key control parameter.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2010</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375281</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1616-7228</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s10236-010-0317-z</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2616528</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-09-13T03:49:24Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Engineering properties of low to medium overconsolidation ratio offshore clays</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>DeGroot, Don J.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lunne, Tom</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ghanekar, Ravindra</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Knudsen, Siren</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jones, Cody D.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Yetginer-Tjelta, Tor Inge</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper presents a summary of the geotechnical engineering properties of low to medium
            overconsolidation ratio offshore inorganic clays derived from a high quality database. These properties,
            such as preconsolidation stress and undrained shear strength, are required for design of most offshore
            infrastructure and for assessment of offshore geohazards. The database was developed through a series of
            Joint Industry Projects using results from offshore site investigations performed worldwide. The key feature
            of the database is that it only contains results obtained using good to excellent quality samples that were
            tested using advanced laboratory procedures such as constant rate of strain consolidation and consolidated
            undrained triaxial and direct simple shear. A secondary objective of the paper was to examine common
            empirical correlations between index tests (e.g., water content, Atterberg limits) and soil design
            parameters using the new database. Such empirical correlations between simple and inexpensive index tests
            and more costly advanced laboratory tests can serve a valuable purpose in offshore infrastructure design.
            This is particularly the case for preliminary design at early stages of projects where little information is
            known about soil properties, for small projects with limited site characterization budgets, and
            international projects at locations where advanced laboratory tests performed to international standards are
            not available. The paper describes development of the database and presents summary results and plots for
            undrained shear strength, in situ stress state, and consolidation and flow parameters. Results from the
            empirical correlations investigated are presented and the paper concludes with recommendations on use of the
            data and correlations in practice. The recommendations are limited to clays of low to medium
            overconsolidation ratio and are not applicable to highly overconsolidated and desiccated clays. While the
            database primarily consists of offshore clays, the correlations presented should also be applicable to
            terrestrial clays.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2616528</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2471-2132</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3934/geosci.2019.3.535</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>535-567</dc:source>
          <dc:source>5</dc:source>
          <dc:source>AIMS Geosciences</dc:source>
          <dc:source>3</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2451668</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-08-25T03:04:24Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Monitoring alkylphenols in water using the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS):
            Determining sampling rates via the extraction of PES membranes and Oasis beads
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Silvani, Ludovica</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Riccardi, Carmela</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Eek, Espen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Papini, Marco Petrangeli</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Morin, Nicolas</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Oen, Amy M P</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) have previously been used to monitor
            alkylphenol (AP) contamination in water and produced water. However, only the sorbent receiving phase of the
            POCIS (Oasis beads) is traditionally analyzed, thus limiting the use of POCIS for monitoring a range of APs
            with varying hydrophobicity. Here a "pharmaceutical" POCIS was calibrated in the laboratory using a static
            renewal setup for APs (from 2-ethylphenol to 4-n-nonylphenol) with varying hydrophobicity (log Kow between
            2.47 and 5.76). The POCIS sampler was calibrated over its 28 day integrative regime and sampling rates (Rs)
            were determined. Uptake was shown to be a function of AP hydrophobicity where compounds with log Kow &lt; 4
            were preferentially accumulated in Oasis beads, and compounds with log Kow > 5 were preferentially
            accumulated in the PES membranes. A lag phase (over a 24 h period) before uptake in to the PES membranes
            occurred was evident. This work demonstrates that the analysis of both POCIS phases is vital in order to
            correctly determine environmentally relevant concentrations owing to the fact that for APs with log Kow ≤ 4
            uptake, to the PES membranes and the Oasis beads, involves different processes compared to APs with log Kow
            ≥ 4. The extraction of both the POCIS matrices is thus recommended in order to assess the concentration of
            hydrophobic APs (log Kow ≥ 4), as well as hydrophilic APs, most effectively.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2451668</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0045-6535</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.083</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1362-1371</dc:source>
          <dc:source>184</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Chemosphere</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375315</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:15:16Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Mapping tsunami impacts on land cover and related ecosystem service supply in Phang Nga, Thailand
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Kaiser, Gunilla</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Burkhard, B</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Römer, H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sangkaew, R</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Graterol, R</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Haitook, T</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sterr, H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sakuna-Schwartz, D</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caused damages to coastal ecosystems and thus affected the
            livelihoods of the coastal communities who depend on services provided by these ecosystems. The paper
            presents a case study on evaluating and mapping the spatial and temporal impacts of the tsunami on land use
            and land cover (LULC) and related ecosystem service supply in the Phang Nga province, Thailand. The method
            includes local stakeholder interviews, field investigations, remote-sensing techniques, and GIS. Results
            provide an ecosystem services matrix with capacity scores for 18 LULC classes and 17 ecosystem functions and
            services as well as pre-/post-tsunami and recovery maps indicating changes in the ecosystem service supply
            capacities in the study area. Local stakeholder interviews revealed that mangroves, casuarina forest, mixed
            beach forest, coral reefs, tidal inlets, as well as wetlands (peat swamp forest) have the highest capacity
            to supply ecosystem services, while e.g. plantations have a lower capacity. The remote-sensing based damage
            and recovery analysis showed a loss of the ecosystem service supply capacities in almost all LULC classes
            for most of the services due to the tsunami. A fast recovery of LULC and related ecosystem service supply
            capacities within one year could be observed for e.g. beaches, while mangroves or casuarina forest needed
            several years to recover. Applying multi-temporal mapping the spatial variations of recovery could be
            visualised. While some patches of coastal forest were fully recovered after 3 yr, other patches were still
            affected and thus had a reduced capacity to supply ecosystem services. The ecosystem services maps can be
            used to quantify ecological values and their spatial distribution in the framework of a tsunami risk
            assessment. Beyond that they are considered to be a useful tool for spatial analysis in coastal risk
            management in Phang Nga.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2013</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375315</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1684-9981</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/nhess-13-3095-2013</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2575830</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-12-04T04:12:28Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Coda wave interferometry during the heating of deep geothermal reservoir rocks</dc:title>
          <dc:title>Coda wave interferometry during the heating of deep geothermal reservoir rocks</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Azzola, Jérôme</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Griffiths, Luke</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Schmittbuhl, Jean</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zigone, Dimitri</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Magnenet, Vincent</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Masson, Frédéric</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Heap, Michael</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Baud, Patrick</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Coda wave interferometry (CWI) is a high-resolution technique that aims at tracking small
            changes in a diffusive medium from the time correlation of seismic waveforms. CWI has been widely used in
            recent years to monitor the fine-scale evolution of fault zones and more recently of deep reservoirs.
            However, to provide a quantitative interpretation of the reservoir, direct modeling of physical effects like
            the influence of temperature on seismic wave scattering is required to investigate temperature effects from
            measurements of velocity changes. Here, we propose to quantify the impact of thermo-elastic deformation on
            CWI measurements by comparing experimental results obtained from a previous study on Westerly Granite to a
            numerical approach based on two combined codes (SPECFEM2D and Code_Aster) for modeling wave propagation in
            complex media during thermo-elastic deformation. We obtain two major results. First, we show that multiple
            reflections on the boundaries of our simplified numerical sample reproduce well the wave scattering
            properties of the experimental granitic sample characterized by a complex mineral assembly and a large set
            of microcracks. We based our comparison on the wave diffusion model that describes both the experimental and
            numerical samples (similarity in energy density function and mean free path). We also show that both samples
            share a similar thermo-elastic behavior, but only after the second heating and cooling cycle. Second, the
            stretching technique used for CWI measurements on both samples reveals reversible time shifts correlated
            with the thermo-elastic deformation of the sample. However, the influence of thermo-elastic deformation is
            different between our numerical proxy and the experimental sample. We discuss the role of irreversible
            deformation (e.g., microcracking) for the observed discrepancy by introducing temperature dependence of
            elastic moduli in the model. These results suggest that there are open perspectives to monitor thermal
            strain in geothermal reservoirs using CWI.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2575830</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2195-9706</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1186/s40517-018-0107-2</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/691728</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>6</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geothermal Energy</dc:source>
          <dc:source>1</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2579363</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-01-08T04:24:48Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Monitoring strategies for local landslide early warning systems</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Pecoraro, Gaetano</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Calvello, Michele</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Piciullo, Luca</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>The main aim of this study is the description and the analysis of the monitoring strategies
            implemented within local landslide early warning systems (Lo-LEWS) operational all around the world.
            Relevant information on 29 Lo-LEWS have been retrieved from peer-reviewed articles published in scientific
            journals and proceedings of technical conferences, books, reports, and institutional web pages. The first
            part of the paper describes the characteristics of these early warning systems considering their different
            components. The main characteristics of each system are summarized using tables with the aim of providing
            easily accessible information for technicians, experts, and stakeholders involved in the design and
            operation of Lo-LEWSs. The second part of the paper describes the monitoring networks adopted within the
            considered systems. Monitoring strategies are classified in terms of monitored activities and methods
            detailing the parameters and instruments adopted. The latter are classified as a function of the type of
            landslide being monitored. The discussion focuses on issues relevant for early warning, including
            appropriateness of the measurements, redundancy of monitoring methods, data analysis, and performance.
            Moreover, a description of the most used monitoring parameters and instruments for issuing warnings is
            presented.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Monitoring strategies for local landslide early warning systems</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2579363</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1612-510X</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s10346-018-1068-z</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 237859</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Landslides. Journal of the International Consortium on Landslides</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2463470</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-02T04:09:30Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Use of Multi-Criteria Involvement Processes to Enhance Transparency and Stakeholder Participation at
            Bergen Harbour, Norway
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Sparrevik, Lars Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Barton, David Nicholas</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Oen, Amy MP</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nagothu, Sekhar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Linkov, Igor</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Use of participatory stakeholder engagement processes could be important to reduce the risk of
            potential conflicts in managing contaminated sites. Most stakeholder engagement techniques are qualitative
            in nature and require experienced facilitators. This study proposes a multicriteria involvement process to
            enhance transparency and stakeholder participation and applies it to a contaminated sediment management case
            study for Bergen Harbor, Norway. The suggested multicriteria involvement process builds on the quantitative
            principles of multicriteria decision analysis and also incorporates group interaction and learning through
            qualitative participatory methods. Three different advisory groups consisting of local residents, local
            stakeholders, and nonresident sediment experts were invited to participate in a stakeholder engagement
            process to provide consensual comparative advice on sediment remediation alternatives. In order for
            stakeholders or residents to be able to embrace a complex decision such as selection of remediation
            alternatives, the involvement process with lateral learning, combined with multicriteria decision analysis
            providing structure, robustness and transparent documentation was preferable. In addition, a multicriteria
            involvement process resulted in consistent ranking of remediation alternatives across residents,
            stakeholder, and experts, relative to individual intuitive ranking without the multicriteria involvement
            process.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2011</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2463470</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1551-3793</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/ieam.182</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 188946</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>414-425</dc:source>
          <dc:source>7</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management</dc:source>
          <dc:source>3</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2493240</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-04-10T03:09:55Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Suction caissons in dense sand, Part II: Vertical cyclic loading into tension</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Bienen, Britta</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Klinkvort, Rasmus Tofte</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>O’Loughlin, C.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zhu, F.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Byrne, B.W.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Suction caissons have been used for numerous oil and gas installations and are increasingly
            considered as a foundation solution for offshore wind turbines (OWT). There can be significant differences
            between the two offshore energy applications in the load paths and magnitudes, soil type and caisson aspect
            ratio (skirt length to diameter). This paper investigates the response of suction caissons in dense sand to
            a range of cyclic vertical loading histories relevant to a jacket supported OWT, with an emphasis on cyclic
            tensile loading. The findings are based on a series of experiments performed in a centrifuge, such that soil
            stresses reflect those in the prototype. The caisson was installed using suction at enhanced gravity,
            followed by cyclic loading and then caisson extraction. The installation and extraction results are
            discussed in a companion paper. This paper focuses on the caisson load-displacement response under vertical
            cyclic loading. The centrifuge experimental results reinforce findings from previous work, add insights into
            the load transfer mechanisms and provide confidence of their applicability to the prototype, both
            qualitatively and quantitatively. The results highlight the complexity of the caisson response, particularly
            under tensile loading, with the influences of average load, cyclic load amplitude, and drainage discussed in
            detail.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2493240</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0016-8505</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1680/jgeot.16.p.282</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>37</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geotechnique</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2465329</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-10T04:08:25Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>GeoSuite Assistance for the Calculation of Settlement</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jostad, Hans Petter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kim, Yunhee</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Liu, Zhongqiang</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sandven, Rolf Birger</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>As part of the development of the Norwegian-Swedish software GeoSuite, a module with
            geoassistance was developed and implemented. The paper describes this user-assistance, called "Wizard",
            helping the user with 1D, 2D and 3D calculations of stability, settlement, piles, excavations, bearing
            capacity and slope run-out distance. Wizard is an optional, interactive assistance popping up with
            information on most of the steps of an analysis for design: developing a soil profile, selecting appropriate
            parameters for an analysis, interpreting in situ and laboratory test results, selecting a type of analysis
            (1D, 2D or 3D), running an analysis and interpreting the results of an analysis. For example in a settlement
            analysis, the user can, with the help of the Wizard, initialize the data, describe the foundation geometry,
            foundation type and foundation stiffness, construct the load history and select ground improvement options.
            The user can also initialize the stress distribution, describe the distribution of the pore water pressure
            and that of any excess pore water pressure. Wizard has partial wiki-characteristics: Wizard invites the user
            to note down its comments on a website, it makes topic associations with links and seeks to involve the user
            in an on-going process of improvement. The module also helps the user do simpler statistical analysis of
            soil parameters, examine the laboratory test results in terms of sample disturbance and compare soil
            parameters with published correlations among soil parameters.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2465329</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-9935-24-002-6</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://www.ngm2016.com/uploads/2/1/7/9/21790806/ngm2016-proceedings-v1b.pdf</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>675-683</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2499363</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-05-29T03:08:30Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Prestack simultaneous inversion to predict lithology and pore fluid in the Realgrunnen Subgroup of
            the Goliat Field, southwestern Barents Sea
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Yenwongfai, Honore Dzekamelive</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mondol, Nazmul Haque</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Faleide, Jan Inge</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lecomte, Isabelle</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2499363</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2324-8858</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1190/INT-2016-0109.1</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 223272</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>SE75-SE96</dc:source>
          <dc:source>5</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Interpretation</dc:source>
          <dc:source>2</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2463478</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-02T04:10:09Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
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        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Norway's National GeoTest Site Research Infrastructure (NGTS)</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lunne, Tom</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Carroll, Roselyn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Strandvik, Stein Oddvar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Instanes, Arne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sinitsyn, Anatoly</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Degago, Samson Abate</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nordal, Steinar</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2463478</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-89-952197-5-1</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Unearth the Future, Connect beyond. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Soil
            Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>611-614</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2484329</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-02-14T06:56:22Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>The mass flow and proposed management of bisphenol A in selected Norwegian waste streams</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Arp, Hans Petter Heinrich</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Morin, Nicolas</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Okkenhaug, Gudny</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Breivik, Knut</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sparrevik, Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Current initiatives for waste-handling in a circular economy favor prevention and recycling
            over incineration or landfilling. However, the impact of such a transition on environmental emissions of
            contaminants like bisphenol A (BPA) during waste-handling is not fully understood. To address this, a
            material flow analysis (MFA) was constructed for selected waste categories in Norway, for which the amount
            recycled is expected to increase in the future; glass, vehicle, electronic, plastic and combustible waste.
            Combined, 92 tons/y of BPA are disposed of via these waste categories in Norway, with 98.5% associated with
            plastic and electronic waste. During the model year 2011, the MFA showed that BPA in these waste categories
            was destroyed through incineration (60%), exported for recycling into new products (35%), stored in
            landfills (4%) or released into the environment (1%). Landfilling led to the greatest environmental
            emissions (up to 13% of landfilled BPA), and incinerating the smallest (0.001% of incinerated BPA). From
            modelling different waste management scenarios, the most effective way to reduce BPA emissions are to
            incinerate BPA-containing waste and avoid landfilling it. A comparison of environmental and human BPA
            concentrations with CoZMoMAN exposure model estimations suggested that waste emissions are an insignificant
            regional source. Nevertheless, from monitoring studies, landfill emissions can be a substantial local source
            of BPA. Regarding the transition to a circular economy, it is clear that disposing of less BPA-containing
            waste and less landfilling would lead to lower environmental emissions, but several uncertainties remain
            regarding emissions of BPA during recycling, particularly for paper and plastics. Future research should
            focus on the fate of BPA, as well as BPA alternatives, in emerging reuse and recycling processes, as part of
            the transition to a circular economy.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2484329</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0956-053X</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.002</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 221440</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>775-785</dc:source>
          <dc:source>60</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Waste Management</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2463487</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-05-23T22:00:00Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
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        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Effect of strain softening behaviours on run-out distance of a sensitive clay landslide</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Fornes, Petter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Huynh, Khoa D.V.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Reliable prediction of landslide triggering threshold and landslide run-out distance is
            essential for hazard risk assessment. The paper focuses on studying slides in sensitive clays, which
            represent a major geohazard in many countries including Norway, Sweden and eastern Canada. Large deformation
            finite element (FE) analyses were performed using the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) method in Abaqus,
            which allows for capturing of the full progressive failure mechanism (initiation, propagation and breakoff)
            involved in a sensitive clay slide. The 1984 slide in Vestfossen, Norway, was chosen as problem case of
            progressive failure in sensitive clay to be back-calculated by using the CEL FE-model. It is found that the
            failure mechanism predicted by the FE-analysis agrees reasonably well with the historical failure mode
            observed at Vestfossen. A parametric study has been performed on the remoulded shear strength as well as the
            rate of strain softening of the sensitive clay in order to evaluate their effects on the landslide run-out
            distance.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2463487</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-3-319-56486-9</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Landslides in Sensitive Clays - From Research to Implementation</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>347-357</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2493258</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-04-10T03:06:29Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Nonlinear soil-pile interaction for offshore wind turbines</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Markou, Athanasios</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kaynia, Amir M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>The current work presents a parametric study, which involves different generalized nonlinear
            mechanical formulations with different damping characteristics to account for the interaction between a
            monopile‐supported offshore wind turbine and the surrounding soil. The novelty of the study lies in the fact
            that recently developed nonlinear mechanical models used so far for the simulation of high‐damping rubber
            isolators are introduced to describe the nonlinear hysteretic soil behavior. More specifically, the first
            generalized mechanical model consists of a combination of elastoplastic and trilinear elastic elements
            (labeled as model 3), while the second model consists of trilinear hysteretic models connected in parallel
            with trilinear elastic springs and hysteretic dampers used to ensure that the unloading stiffness will be as
            close as possible to the initial stiffness of the system (labeled as model 4). These newly developed models
            are compared with well‐known models within the industry, namely, a model that comprises elastoplastic
            elements (labeled as model 1) and a model that comprises trilinear elastic springs (labeled as model 2). All
            these models provide exactly the same effective stiffness, but on the other hand different levels of damping
            are involved in each one of them. The goal of the present work is 3‐fold, introducing novel mechanical
            models for the simulation of soil behavior, to investigate the effect of different soil damping levels in
            the response of offshore wind turbines and to highlight the limitations of the commonly used models within
            the industry. To this end, the differences between the response due to different levels of damping
            characteristics and modeling approaches are shown, highlighting the importance of soil damping in the
            overall response of the system
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2493258</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1095-4244</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/we.2178</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>EU/Horizon 2020 MSCA-RISE-2015 project no. 691213</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243984</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>17</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Wind Energy</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2502601</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-09-01T03:06:56Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Remote Identification, Characterization and Monitoring of Erosional Processes</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Salazar, Sean E.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hormes, Anne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Issler, Dieter</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Remote sensing techniques and geophysical techniques have enabled the collection of vital
            information on geotechnical, hydrogeological, and environmental processes. These techniques may offer
            improvements over traditional data collection techniques or may provide data not readily available using
            conventional instrumentation. An assessment of various remote sensing and geophysical techniques, used to
            collect parameters of interest to the Multi-scale Erosion Risk under Climate Change (MERRIC) project, is
            provided in this technical note. This technical note is a deliverable of the MERRIC work package 4 on
            "Warning, monitoring, and non-physical mitigation measures".&#xd;
            A list of 11 key parameters for coastal erosion studies was established and matched with appropriate remote
            sensing techniques (including microwave, laser, and optical techniques) and on- and off-shore (or
            near-shore) geophysical techniques. The characteristics of each of the techniques is listed and background
            material is provided. The maturity of these techniques is described through examples in the literature and
            the potential for application within the scope of MERRIC is discussed. Many of the more mature techniques
            described in this technical note (for example, terrestrial lidar scanning [TLS], or electrical resistivity
            tomography [ERT]) are already routinely used in NGI projects, and thus, their relevance for MERRIC is well
            understood. Other emerging techniques (for example, terrestrial radar interferometry, or multi-beam echo
            sounding [MBES]) are less commonly applied, but may nonetheless prove to be indispensable for future
            projects related to MERRIC. It is, therefore, recommended that the potential of emergent remote sensing and
            geophysical techniques will be further investigated using the resources available at NGI.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018-03-21</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2502601</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI Rapport;20170031-03-R</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: SP 11 GBV 2017</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2451678</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-08-25T03:04:53Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Investigation of caprock integrity due to pressure build-up during high-volume injection into the
            Utsira formation
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Gasda, Sarah Eileen</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Wangen, Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Elenius, Maria</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In this work, we investigate the pressure-limited storage capacity of the Utsira formation. We
            employ the use of a simple capacity estimate based on maximum sustainable pressure. Here, the pressure
            during injection or post-injection cannot exceed the least compressive stress at the base of the caprock at
            any location. Given the global capacity estimate, large-scale simulations are performed to determine if the
            global capacity can be reasonably attained given local injectivity constraints and long-term CO2 trapping.
            We find that the Utsira can withstand injection rates over 100 Mt/y for 50 years, which is equivalent to 8.3
            Gt of CO2.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2451678</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1876-6102</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1444</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 233736</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>3157-3166</dc:source>
          <dc:source>114</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Energy Procedia</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2446795</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-06-24T03:08:55Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Generalized extreme value shape parameter and its nature for extreme precipitation using long time
            series and the Bayesian approach
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Ragulina, Galina</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Reitan, Trond</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Assessing the probability of extreme precipitation events is consequential in civil planning.
            This requires an understanding of how return values change with return periods, which is essentially
            described by the generalized extreme value (GEV) shape parameter. Some works in the field suggest a constant
            shape parameter, while our analysis indicates a non-universal value. We re-analysed an older precipitation
            dataset (169 stations) extended by Norwegian data (71 stations). We showed that while each set seems to have
            a constant shape parameter, it differs between the two datasets, indicating regional differences. For a more
            comprehensive analysis of spatial effects, we examined a global dataset (1495 stations). We provided shape
            parameter maps for two models and found clear evidence that the shape parameter depends on elevation, while
            the effect of latitude remains uncertain. Our results confirm an explanation in terms of dominating
            precipitation systems based on a proxy derived from the Köppen-Geiger climate classification.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2446795</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0262-6667</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/02626667.2016.1260134</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2016.1260134</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Hydrological Sciences Journal</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2465473</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-11T04:03:24Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>pH effects of the addition of three biochars to acidic Indonesian mineral soils</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Martinsen, Vegard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Alling, Vanja Karin Gunilla</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nurida, NL</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ritz, C.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rutherford, DW</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Heikens, Alex</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Breedveld, Gijs D.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2465473</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0038-0768</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/00380768.2015.1052985</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 204112</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 217918</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>821-834</dc:source>
          <dc:source>61</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Soil science and plant nutrition (Tokyo)</dc:source>
          <dc:source>5</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2633884</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-12-19T04:49:33Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Risk assessment and dams – Recent developments and applications</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nadim, Farrokh</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Liu, Zhongqiang</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Eidsvig, Unni</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Le, Thi Minh Hue</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lin, C.G.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Increasingly, society and standards require "risk-informed" decisions. The paper demonstrates
            the benefits of implementing reliability and risk concepts in dam engineering as a complement to
            conventional deterministic analyses. Reliability evaluations can range from qualitative estimates, to simple
            statistical evaluations, to full probabilistic modelling of the hazards and consequences for a system of
            dams. The paper gives an overview of basic concepts of reliability-based approaches and illustrates their
            use with three case studies. The paper discusses the strengths of reliability-based analyses and key issues
            such as tolerable and acceptable risk, the meaning of factor of safety, the targets for a margin of safety
            and the selection of characteristic value for analysis. Reliability-based approaches provide useful insight
            and complementary information. They enable the analysis of complex uncertainties in a systematic and more
            complete manner than deterministic analyses alone, both for the design of dams and for their safety
            evaluation during their lifetime. Reliability and risk-based approaches assist with preparing engineering
            recommendations and making decisions.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2633884</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-9935-9436-1-3</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE 2019 : Geotechnical Engineering foundation of the future :
            European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2583853</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-02-06T04:08:01Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Global warning reduces the consequences of snow-related hazards</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Hestnes, Erik</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jaedicke, Christian</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Most recent publications dealing with consequences related to avalanches and slushflows state
            that their impact on mankind will increase. That is a highly debatable statement. Milder weather, shorter
            winters, less snow and rise of snowline will mainly shift their potential problem away from populated areas
            and infrastructure. It is unlikely that expansion of settlement and/or human activity into these areas will
            outweigh the hazard reduction, mainly because other types of rapid mass movements will increase in those
            areas and in general. Surely are part of the Arctic and parts of cold continental and mountainous regions,
            subject to more snow and rain in winter due to the climatic change, and consequently to larger and more
            frequent avalanches and slushflows. It is, however, unlikely that the consequences to future activity in
            remote areas will exceed the reduction in consequences in more densely populated areas. Global warming
            reduces the impact by snow-related hazards on mankind, but the general hazard potential worldwide will most
            likely increase.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2583853</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2647504</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-03-20T04:51:23Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Effect of foundation type and modelling on dynamic response and fatigue of offshore wind turbines
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Løken, Ingrid Bye</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kaynia, Amir M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper presents dynamic response and fatigue analyses of several bottom-mounted offshore
            wind turbine (OWT) models, simulated in the aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tool FAST. The distinction
            between the models is the foundations, which are modelled with different methods, concepts, and dimensions.
            The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory has developed a 5-MW reference turbine supported on a monopile,
            the NREL 5MW, which was used as a reference model in this paper. The paper presents the implementation and
            comparison of two different foundation modeling methods, referred to as the simplified apparent fixity
            method and the improved apparent fixity method. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses of different monopile
            dimensions were performed, followed by sensitivity analyses of suction caisson foundations of different
            dimensions. The final part of the paper presents fatigue analyses for the foundation models considered in
            this study subjected to 17 load cases. Fatigue damage, fatigue life, and damage equivalent loads were
            calculated, as well as the relative fatigue contribution from each load case.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2647504</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1095-4244</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/we.2394</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1667-1683</dc:source>
          <dc:source>22</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Wind Energy</dc:source>
          <dc:source>12</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2425001</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-17T07:40:43Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Evolution of Mass Movements near Epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake, the First Eight Years</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Zhang, Shuai</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zhang, Limin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Farrokh, Nadim</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2425001</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2045-2322</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/srep36154</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2484402</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-02-16T06:32:09Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Strength and filtration stability of cement grouts at room and true tunnelling temperatures
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Bohloli, Bahman</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Morgan, Elin Katrine</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Grøv, Eivind</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Skjølsvold, Ola</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hognestad, Hans Olav</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>The overall objective of this work, carried out under the research project “True Improvement
            in Grouting High pressure Technology for tunnelling (TIGHT)” is to understand the behavior of cement grouts
            under true tunnelling conditions. This paper describes a systematic laboratory study to characterize
            uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and filtration stability of grouts made up of three types of cement
            commonly used for tunnel grouting in the Nordic countries. Since in-situ tunnel conditions are different
            from those of the laboratory in terms of temperature, we made various cement grouts at different
            temperatures and tested in the laboratory. The water cement ratios of 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 were used for
            all three cements and grouts were made and cured at two temperatures; 8 °C and 20 °C. Strength of a total of
            96 cylindrical specimens of 4 and 7 days age and permeability of four specimens of 7 days age were measured.
            Filtration tests were done for 36 cement grouts. Results of the laboratory tests show that strength of
            samples cured at 8 °C is lower than those cured at 20 °C. Strength of grout specimens decreases dramatically
            with increasing w/c ratio. Filtration of cement grouts at 8 °C is not that different from those at 20 °C and
            filtration stability increases with increasing water-cement ratio. Permeability of cylindrical specimens of
            different types of cement varies several orders of magnitude; from nano- to milli-Darcy.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2484402</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0886-7798</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.tust.2017.08.017</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 236676</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/octet-stream</dc:format>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>193-200</dc:source>
          <dc:source>71</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2497752</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-05-10T03:02:33Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Implementation of a non-linear foundation model for soil-structure interaction analysis of offshore
            wind turbines in FAST
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Implementation of a non-linear foundation model for soil-structure interaction analysis of offshore
            wind turbines in FAST
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Krathe, V.L.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kaynia, Amir Massoud</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines (OWTs) involve a wide range of engineering fields. Of
            these, modelling of foundation flexibility has been given little priority. This paper investigates the
            modelling of bottom-fixed OWTs in the non-linear aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulation tool FAST v7. The OWTs
            considered is supported on a monopile. The objective of this paper was to implement a non-linear foundation
            model in this software. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's idealized 5MW reference turbine was used
            as a base for the analyses. Default modelling of foundation in FAST v7 is by means of a rigid foundation.
            This implies that soil stiffness and damping is disregarded. Damping may lead to lower design loads. A
            softer foundation, on the other hand, will increase the natural periods of the system, shifting them closer
            to the frequencies of the environmental loads. This may in turn lead to amplified moments at the mudline.
            Therefore, it is important to include soil stiffness and damping in analyses. In this paper, a non-linear
            foundation model is introduced in FAST v7 by means of uncoupled parallel springs. To verify that the
            implementation is successful, non-linear load-displacement curves of the foundation spring are presented.
            These show the typical hysteresis loops of an inelastic material, which confirms the implementation.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Implementation of a non-linear foundation model for soil-structure interaction analysis of
            offshore wind turbines in FAST
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2497752</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1095-4244</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/we.2031</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243984</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>695-712</dc:source>
          <dc:source>20</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Wind Energy</dc:source>
          <dc:source>4</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2605168</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-07-13T03:49:16Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Experimental triaxial testing of swelling gouge materials</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Høien, Are Håvard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nilsen, Bjørn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Vistnes, Gunnar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Olsson, Roger</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Adequate rock support in weakness zones that may contain swelling minerals poses one of the
            main challenges of excavating tunnels in hard rock conditions. Deformations under such conditions are
            influenced by several factors, including the properties of the rock mass, rock stress and the possible
            swelling potential of the minerals. Thus, dimensioning rock support may be challenging. To increase the
            knowledge regarding the processes behind deformations in areas of swelling gouge material, an experimental
            triaxial laboratory test of such material was performed. The main objective was to investigate whether the
            material might exert pressure under typical in situ stress conditions, or whether other processes might be
            dominant. In addition, the possible elastic and strength properties of such material were investigated. The
            testing was performed on reconstituted cores with material from four different locations in eastern Norway.
            The material was dried and then pressed into cores using a compactor. The triaxial testing consisted of four
            successive phases: pre-stressing 1; water addition under constant strain; pre-stressing 2 and failure. The
            results indicate that factors other than swelling pressure are the main causes of tunnel deformation, as no
            build-up of swelling pressure was observed during the water addition phase. Initially, the E-modulus and
            strength properties of the samples were very low, which can cause large, immediate deformations in situ. In
            addition, creep and possibly a reduction in the Emodulus during water addition seemed to cause
            time-dependent deformation.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2605168</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1435-9529</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s10064-019-01547-6</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1-16</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2561957</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-09-12T03:13:11Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Probabilistic Study of Rainfall-Triggered Instabilities in Randomly Heterogeneous Unsaturated Finite
            Slopes
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Probabilistic Study of Rainfall-Triggered Instabilities in Randomly Heterogeneous Unsaturated Finite
            Slopes
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Le, Thi Minh Hue</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sánchez, Marcelo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gallipoli, Domenico</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Wheeler, Simon</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Water infiltration destabilises unsaturated soil slopes by reducing matric suction, which
            produces a decrease of material cohesion. If the porosity of the soil is spatially heterogeneous, a degree
            of uncertainty is added to the problem as water tends to follow preferential paths and produces an irregular
            spatial distribution of suction. This study employs the finite element method together with Monte Carlo
            simulations to quantify the effect of random porosity on the uncertainty of both the factor of safety and
            failure size of an unsaturated finite slope during and after a rainfall event. The random porosity is
            modelled using a univariate random field. Results show that, under partially saturated conditions, the
            random heterogeneity leads to a complex statistical variation of both factor of safety and failure size
            during the rainfall event. At any given time, the uncertainty about failure size is directly linked to the
            uncertainty about the position of the wetting front generated by infiltration. Interestingly, the
            statistical mean of the failed area is smallest when the mean of the factor of safety is lowest. In other
            words, the slope becomes more likely to fail, but the size of the failure mass tends to be limited. The
            study also investigates the sensitivity of failure uncertainty to external hydraulic parameters (i.e.
            initial water table depth, rainfall intensity) and internal soil parameters (i.e. permeability and water
            retention characteristics). In general, the sensitivity increases when the effect of these parameters on the
            spatial variation of suction is stronger.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Probabilistic Study of Rainfall-Triggered Instabilities in Randomly Heterogeneous Unsaturated
            Finite Slopes
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2561957</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0169-3913</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s11242-018-1140-0</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>24</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Transport in Porous Media</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2384844</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T21:52:26Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Effect of Soil pH Increase by Biochar on NO, N2O and N2 Production during Denitrification in Acid
            Soils
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Obia, Alfred</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Dörsch, Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2384844</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1932-6203</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138781</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2446789</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-09-06T05:15:36Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Biochar from "Kon Tiki" flame curtain and other kilns: Effects of nutrient enrichment and kiln type
            on crop yield and soil chemistry
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Pandit, Naba Raj</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Schmidt, Hans Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Biochar application to soils has been investigated as a means of improving soil fertility and
            mitigating climate change through soil carbon sequestration. In the present work, the invasive shrub
            "Eupatorium adenophorum" was utilized as a sustainable feedstock for making biochar under different
            pyrolysis conditions in Nepal. Biochar was produced using several different types of kilns; four sub types
            of flame curtain kilns (deep-cone metal kiln, steel shielded soil pit, conical soil pit and steel small
            cone), brick-made traditional kiln, traditional earth-mound kiln and top lift up draft (TLUD). The resultant
            biochars showed consistent pH (9.1 ± 0.3), cation exchange capacities (133 ± 37 cmolc kg-1), organic carbon
            contents (73.9 ± 6.4%) and surface areas (35 to 215 m2/g) for all kiln types. A pot trial with maize was
            carried out to investigate the effect on maize biomass production of the biochars made with various kilns,
            applied at 1% and 4% dosages. Biochars were either pretreated with hot or cold mineral nutrient enrichment
            (mixing with a nutrient solution before or after cooling down, respectively), or added separately from the
            same nutrient dosages to the soil. Significantly higher CEC (P&lt; 0.05), lower Al/Ca ratios (P&lt; 0.05),
            and high OC% (P&lt;0.001) were observed for both dosages of biochar as compared to non-amended control
            soils. Importantly, the study showed that biochar made by flame curtain kilns resulted in the same agronomic
            effect as biochar made by the other kilns (P > 0.05). At a dosage of 1% biochar, the hot nutrient-enriched
            biochar led to significant increases of 153% in above ground biomass production compared to cold
            nutrient-enriched biochar and 209% compared to biochar added separately from the nutrients. Liquid nutrient
            enhancement of biochar thus improved fertilizer effectiveness compared to separate application of biochar
            and fertilizer.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2446789</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1932-6203</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176378</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>PLoS ONE</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2635484</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-10T13:01:04Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2400449</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Factual report - Halden research site</dc:title>
          <dc:title>Field and laboratory test results Halden</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Carroll, Roselyn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Blaker, Øyvind</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Paniagua, Priscilla</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Halden silt site is property of Halden municipality and it is known locally as Rødsparken.&#xd;
            As part of the characterization of Halden silt site during NGTS project, two main reports&#xd;
            are prepared: 1) a factual report (20160154-04-R) and 2) an interpretation report&#xd;
            (20160154-05-R) (see figure in the next page). The present report (20160154-04-R)&#xd;
            presents a factual summary of all laboratory and in situ testing carried out for the NGTS&#xd;
            project between May 2015 and March 2019.&#xd;
            Site specific tests and methods are described in the present report. Standard methods for&#xd;
            laboratory and in situ tests that apply for all NGTS sites are detailed in the general reports&#xd;
            NGTS Report 02 (20160154-02-R) and NGTS Report 03 (20160154-03-R),&#xd;
            respectively.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2020-01-06</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/report</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2635484</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>NGI-rapport;20160154-04-R Rev. 1</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>Norges Geotekniske Institutt</dc:publisher>
          <dc:source>614</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2374988</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:04:58Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Combining airborne electromagnetic and geotechnical data for automated depth to bedrock tracking
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Christensen, Craig</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pfaffhuber, Andreas Aspmo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Anschütz, Helgard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Smaavik, Tone Fallan</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey data was used to supplement geotechnical investigations
            for a highway construction project in Norway. Heterogeneous geology throughout the survey and consequent
            variable bedrock threshold resistivity hindered efforts to directly track depth to bedrock, motivating us to
            develop an automated algorithm to extract depth to bedrock by combining both boreholes and AEM data. We
            developed two variations of this algorithm: one using simple Gaussian or inverse distance weighting
            interpolators, and another using ordinary kriging and combined probability distribution functions of input
            parameters.

            Evaluation shows that for preliminary surveys, significant savings in boreholes required can be made without
            sacrificing bedrock model accuracy. In the case study presented, we estimate data collection savings of
            1,000 to 10,000 NOK/km (c. $160 to $1,600 USD/km) would have been possible for early phases of the
            investigation. However, issues with anthropogenic noise, low signal, and uncertainties in the inversion
            model likely reduced the comparative advantage that including AEM provided.

            AEM cannot supersede direct sampling where the model accuracy required exceed the resolution possible with
            the geophysical measurements. Nevertheless, with the algorithm we can identify high probability zones for
            shallow bedrock, identify steep or anomalous bedrock topography, and estimate the spatial variability of
            depth at earlier phases of investigation. Thus, we assert that our method is still useful where detailed
            mapping is the goal because it allows for more efficient planning of secondary phases of drilling.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2374988</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0926-9851</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2015.05.008</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2636757</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-01-18T04:49:22Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Spatial variability of medium dense sand deposit</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Liu, Zhongqiang</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Amdal, Åse Marit Wist</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>L Heureux, Jean-Sebastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nadim, Farrokh</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Xie, Xin</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper presents a study of the spatial variability of the cone resistance in a medium
            dense sand deposit in Norway. Spatial variability studies have been done earlier for clay deposits, but
            there are few results available for sands. To bridge this gap and to compare the spatial variability of sand
            and clay, the in situ cone resistance measured with the piezocone at the Øysand benchmark site near
            Trondheim was studied. Corrected cone resistances qt derived from the measured cone resistance and pore
            pressure measurements were used to establish the autocorrelation structure of the Øysand deposit. The qt
            data were examined visually and conclusions were drawn on the data that should be analyzed. A depth interval
            of 7 to 12 m was selected for spatial variability further analysis. The scale of fluctuation was identified.
            Several autocorrelation functions were considered, and the single exponential function was found to be the
            one offering the best autocorrelation. The spatial variability in the vertical and horizontal directions was
            analyzed statistically, using three different approaches, the auto-correlation fitting, maximum likelihood
            estimation and simplified Vanmarcke method. The results indicate short autocorrelation distances of 3 m or
            less in the horizontal direction, suggesting a very variable sand at the Øysand site. These horizontal
            autocorrelation distances are much shorter than those obtained for clays. In the vertical direction the
            scale of fluctuation was less than one meter, as obtained for other soils.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636757</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2471-2132</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3934/geosci.2020002</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 245650</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>6-30</dc:source>
          <dc:source>6</dc:source>
          <dc:source>AIMS Geosciences</dc:source>
          <dc:source>1</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2484369</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-02-15T08:10:56Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Glacio-marine clay resistivity as a proxy for remoulded shear strength: correlations and
            limitations
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Long, Michael</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pfaffhuber, Andreas Aspmo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bazin, Sara</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kåsin, Kristoffer</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gylland, Anders Samstad</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Montaflia, Alberto</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In geotechnical engineering in Norway, Sweden and Canada the presence of sensitive and/or
            quick clays poses a major challenge. Formation of these clays involves the leaching of salt from the pore
            fluid. Thus it has been recognized that electrical resistivity measurements could be useful in delineating
            leached and unleached clays. This paper seeks to assess the applicability, repeatability and reliability of
            the various geophysical techniques in the study of sensitive clays. It also attempts to understand the
            factors that control the measured resistivity and in particular to determine the limitations of directly
            obtaining the remoulded shear strength from the resistivity measurements. It was found that borehole,
            surface and airborne resistivity measurements are accurate and compatible. For the 30 Norwegian sites
            studied it was found that resistivity is primarily defined by the porewater salt content, with minor
            additional influence by clay content and plasticity, and porosity. A relationship exists between resistivity
            and remoulded shear strength but this is limited to material deeper than the dry crust and a surface
            weathering zone of about 7.5 m thickness. High resistivity (>10 Ω m) may indicate quick or weathered clay
            but low resistivity (&lt;10 Ω m) conclusively points to stable, unleached clay.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2484369</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1470-9236</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1144/qjegh2016-136</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>16</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Quarterly journal of engineering geology and hydrogeology</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2425006</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-17T07:40:48Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>A field laboratory for monitoring CO2 leakage</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Dillen, Menno</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lindeberg, Erik Gøsta Brun</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Aagaard, Per</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Aker, Eyvind</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sæther, Ola Magne</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Johansen, Harald</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lien, Martha</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hatzignatiou, Dimitrios Georgios</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Golmen, Lars Gunder</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hellevang, Jon Oddvar</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>The long-term safety of future CO2 storage projects in aquifers will not only rely on a
            comprehensive geological characterisation of the formation and capillary seal, but also on the ability to
            effectively monitor the underground migration of CO2 to allow immediate and effective remediation to prevent
            CO2 from escaping to the atmosphere in case of leakage. To achieve such effective remediation it is
            necessary that deep-probing monitoring tools can detect any leakage at an early stage long before CO2 has
            reached the surface. It will also be necessary to conduct shallow monitoring, at the perimeter of the
            storage system, where leakage to the atmosphere or ocean is imminent. Field-scale experimental observations
            have been designed and planned to study the sensitivity of various existing monitoring systems as a mean of
            monitoring CO2 leakage. Two onshore geological formations in Norway have been identified as suitable for
            systematic studies of detection limits for monitoring technologies in a wellcontrolled geological
            environment. One of the sites consists of Quaternary unconsolidated sand with a high porosity and
            permeability, allowing fast CO2 plume rise and the possibility of creating chimney-like plumes. The other
            site is a low-permeable Permian consolidated sandstone, where viscous forces will be stronger during the
            injection phase, thus permitting more variations in the plume shape depending on the injection rate. At both
            selected sites, small amounts of CO2 will be injected into the geological formations, which have no seal
            that will prevent the CO2 upward migration through the underground strata. The CO2 plumes will therefore
            mimic a potential leakage from an actual storage site and, by frequently repeating monitoring measurements,
            the performance of different methods will be tested. These monitoring measurements will include geophysical,
            down-hole, ecological/environmental, chemical/geochemical, atmospheric, and satellite methods. The results
            of the project will illustrate the performance of different monitoring technologies and provide reference
            for further developments of the methods, if needed. Various research organisations from United Kingdom,
            France and Norway will participate in the design and implementation of this project along with the project’s
            industrial partners.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2009</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2425006</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1876-6102</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/doi: 10/1016/j.egypro.2009.01.312</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2463433</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-01-19T23:00:00Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Comment on: Vidgren, H., Helland, A., and Lepland, A. 2015. Stability of Capped Dredged Sediments in
            a Confined Disposal Facility at Malmøykalven, Oslofjord, SE Norway.
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Breedveld, Gijs D.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pettersen, Arne</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2463433</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1532-0383</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1080/15320383.2017.1282418</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Soil &amp; sediment contamination</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2499378</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-05-29T03:04:07Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments Contaminated
            with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling Interlaboratory
            Comparison Michiel T. O. Jonker*† , Stephan A. van der He
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments Contaminated
            with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling Interlaboratory
            Comparison Michiel T. O. Jonker*† , Stephan A. van der He
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Jonker, Michiel T.O.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>van der Heiden, Stephan A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Adelman, Dave</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Apell, Jennifer N.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Burges, Robert M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Choi, Yongju</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Fernandez, Loretta A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Flavetta, Geanna M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ghosh, Upal</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gschwend, Philip M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jalalizadeh, Mehregan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Khairy, Mohammed</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lampi, Mark A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lao, Wenjian</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lohmann, Rainer</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lydy, M.J.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Maruya, Keith A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nutile, Samuel A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Oen, Amy M P</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rakowska, Magdalena I.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Reible, Danny</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rusina, Tatsiana P</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Smedes, Foppe</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Wu, Yanwen</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This work presents the results of an international interlaboratory comparison on ex situ
            passive sampling in sediments. The main objectives were to map the state of the science in passively
            sampling sediments, identify sources of variability, provide recommendations and practical guidance for
            standardized passive sampling, and advance the use of passive sampling in regulatory decision making by
            increasing confidence in the use of the technique. The study was performed by a consortium of 11
            laboratories and included experiments with 14 passive sampling formats on 3 sediments for 25 target
            chemicals (PAHs and PCBs). The resulting overall interlaboratory variability was large (a factor of ∼10),
            but standardization of methods halved this variability. The remaining variability was primarily due to
            factors not related to passive sampling itself, i.e., sediment heterogeneity and analytical chemistry.
            Excluding the latter source of variability, by performing all analyses in one laboratory, showed that
            passive sampling results can have a high precision and a very low intermethod variability (
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Advancing the Use of Passive Sampling in Risk Assessment and Management of Sediments
            Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals: Results of an International Ex Situ Passive Sampling
            Interlaboratory Comparison Michiel T. O. Jonker*† , Stephan A. van der He
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2499378</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0013-936X</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b05752</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>3574-3582</dc:source>
          <dc:source>52</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Environmental Science and Technology</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375313</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:15:15Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Biochar Effect on Maize Yield and Soil Characteristics in Five Conservation Farming Sites in
            Zambia
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Martinsen, Vegard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Shitumbanuma, Victor</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Alling, Vanja Karin Gunilla</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Breedveld, Gijs D.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rutherford, W.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sparrevik, Lars Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Obia, Alfred</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Biochar addition to agricultural soils can improve soil fertility, with the added bonus of
            climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. Conservation farming (CF) is precision farming,
            often combining minimum tillage, crop rotation and residue retention. In the present farmer-led field trials
            carried out in Zambia, the use of a low dosage biochar combined with CF minimum tillage was tested as a way
            to increase crop yields. Using CF minimum tillage allows the biochar to be applied to the area where most of
            the plant roots are present and mirrors the fertilizer application in CF practices. The CF practice used
            comprised manually hoe-dug planting 10-L sized basins, where 10%–12% of the land was tilled. Pilot trials
            were performed with maize cob biochar and wood biochar on five soils with variable physical/chemical
            characteristics. At a dosage as low as 4 tons/ha, both biochars had a strong positive effect on maize yields
            in the coarse white aeolian sand of Kaoma, West-Zambia, with yields of 444% ± 114% (p = 0.06) and 352% ±
            139% (p = 0.1) of the fertilized reference plots for maize and wood biochar, respectively. Thus for sandy
            acidic soils, CF and biochar amendment can be a promising combination for increasing harvest yield. Moderate
            but non-significant effects on yields were observed for maize and wood biochar in a red sandy clay loam
            ultisol east of Lusaka, central Zambia (University of Zambia, UNZA, site) with growth of 142% ± 42% (p >
            0.2) and 131% ± 62% (p > 0.2) of fertilized reference plots, respectively. For three other soils (acidic and
            neutral clay loams and silty clay with variable cation exchange capacity, CEC), no significant effects on
            maize yields were observed (p > 0.2). In laboratory trials, 5% of the two biochars were added to the soil
            samples in order to study the effect of the biochar on physical and chemical soil characteristics. The large
            increase in crop yield in Kaoma soil was tentatively explained by a combination of an increased base
            saturation (from &lt;50% to 60%–100%) and cation exchange capacity (CEC; from 2–3 to 5–9 cmol/kg) and
            increased plant-available water (from 17% to 21%) as well as water vapor uptake (70 mg/g on maize cob
            biochar at 50% relative humidity).
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2013</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375313</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2073-4395</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.3390/agronomy3020256</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375287</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:17:06Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>The influence of land cover roughness on the results of high resolution tsunami inundation
            modeling
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Kaiser, Gunilla</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Scheele, L..</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kortenhaus, Andreas</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Løvholt, Finn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Römer, Hannes</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Leschka, Stefan</dc:creator>
          <dc:subject>VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Naturgeografi: 455</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Physical geography: 455</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Flodbølger / Flood waves</dc:subject>
          <dc:subject>Tsunami / Tsunami</dc:subject>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>In this paper a local case study is presented in which detailed inundation simulations have
            been performed to support damage analysis and risk assessment related to the 2004 tsunami in Phang Nga and
            Phuket, Thailand. Besides tsunami sources, bathymetry and topography, bottom roughness induced by vegetation
            and built environment is considered to influence inundation characteristics, such as water depths or flow
            velocities and therefore attracts major attention in this work. Plenty of information available on the 2004
            tsunami event, high-resolution satellite imagery and extensive field measurements to derive land cover
            information and forest stand parameters facilitated the generation of topographic datasets, land cover maps
            and site-specific Manning values for the most prominent land cover classes in the study areas. The numerical
            models ComMIT and Mike 21 FM were used to hindcast the observed tsunami inundation and to draw conclusions
            on the influence of land cover on inundation patterns. Results show a strong influence of dense vegetation
            on flow velocities, which were reduced by up to 50% by mangroves, while the inundation extent is influenced
            only to a lesser extent. In urban areas, the disregard of buildings in the model led to a significant
            overestimation of the inundation extent. Hence different approaches to consider buildings were used and
            analyzed in the model. The case study highlights the importance and quantifies the effects of considering
            land cover roughness in inundation simulations used for local risk assessment.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2011</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375287</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1684-9981</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.5194/nhess-11-2521-2011</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2504731</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-07-10T03:09:30Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Prediction of leak-off pressure in Norwegian offshore using NPD factpages and deep neural network
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Prediction of leak-off pressure in Norwegian offshore using NPD factpages and deep neural network
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Choi, Jung Chan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Skurtveit, Elin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Grande, Lars</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2504731</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 257579</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2499367</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-05-29T03:02:37Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Empirical approach based on centrifuge testing for cyclic deformations of laterally loaded piles in
            sand
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Truong, P.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lehane, B.M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zania, V.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Klinkvort, Rasmus Tofte</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>A systematic study into the response of monopiles to lateral cyclic loading in medium dense
            and dense sand was performed in beam and drum centrifuge tests. The centrifuge tests were carried out at
            different cyclic load and magnitude ratios, while the cyclic load sequence was also varied. The
            instrumentation on the piles provides fresh insights into the ongoing development of net stresses, bending
            moments and deflections as cycling progresses. Parallels between the test results and corresponding cyclic
            triaxial tests are drawn. The paper combines the results from this study with those from previous
            experimental investigations to provide empirical design recommendations for monopiles subjected to
            unidirectional cyclic loading.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2499367</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0016-8505</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1680/jgeot.17.p.203</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Geotechnique</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2465332</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-10T04:08:18Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Hazard, Reliability and Risk Assessment - Research and Practice for Increased Safety</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Society increasingly requires the engineer to quantify and manage the risk which people,
            property and the environment are exposed to. The role of the geotechnical engineering profession is to
            reduce exposure to threats, reduce risk and protect people. Hazard, reliability and risk approaches are
            excellent tools to assist the geotechnical engineer in design, selection of engineering foundation solutions
            and parameters and decision-making. The significance of factor of safety is discussed, and basic reliability
            and risk concepts are briefly introduced. The importance of designing with a uniform level of reliability
            rather than a constant safety factor prescribed in codes and guidelines is illustrated. The paper
            illustrates the use of the reliability and risk concepts with "real life" case studies, in particular for
            situations encountered for Nordic environments. The calculation examples are taken from a wide realm of
            geotechnical problems, including avalanche, railroad safety, mine slopes and soil investigations. The
            synergy of research and practice and their complementarity for increasing safety and cost-effectiveness is
            illustrated. With the evolution of reliability and risk approaches in geotechnical engineering, the growing
            demand for hazard and risk analyses in our profession and the societal awareness of hazard and risk makes
            that the meth-ods and way of thinking associated with risk need to be included in university engineering
            curricu-la and in most of our daily designs.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2465332</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-9935-24-002-6</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>17-42</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375331</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:15:24Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Predictive Models for Earthquake Response of Clay and Sensitive Clay Slopes</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Kaynia, Amir M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Saygili, Gökhan</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Earthquake-induced permanent displacement and shear strain are suitable indicators in
            assessing the seismic stability of slopes. In this paper, predictive models for the permanent displacement
            and shear strain as functions of the characteristics of the slope (e.g. factor of safety) and the ground
            motion (e.g. peak ground acceleration) are proposed. The predicted models are based on numerical simulations
            of seismic response of infinite slopes with realistic soil profiles and geometry parameters. Predictive
            models are developed for clay and sensitive clay slopes. A strain-softening soil model is used for sensitive
            clays. A comparison of the permanent displacement and strain predictions for clay and sensitive clays
            reveals that the displacement and shear strains are larger for sensitive clays for the same slope geometry
            and similar earthquake loading conditions. A comparison of the displacement predictive model with other
            predictive models published recently reveals that the displacement predictions of the proposed model fall
            into the low estimate bound for soft slopes and into the high estimate bound for stronger slopes. Permanent
            displacements from a limited number of 2D FE analyses and from predictive models compare well; however, the
            predictive model for shear strain tends to overly estimate the shear strains. This is a typical effect of 2D
            geometry, which represents a conservative situation. As the size of the slope increases, this effect is
            diminished, and the 2D results tend more to the 1D results as captured by the predictive models developed in
            this paper.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2014</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375331</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1872-4671</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/978-3-319-07118-3_18</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2375329</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T22:19:57Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Evaluation of reservoir and cap-rock integrity for the Longyearbyen CO2 storage pilot based on
            laboratory experiments and injection tests
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Bohloli, Bahman</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Skurtveit, Elin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Grande, Lars</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Titlestad, Geir Ove</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Børresen, Marion</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Johnsen, Øistein</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Braathen, Alvar</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Mechanical laboratory testing and interpretation of injection tests of the Longyearbyen CO2
            storage pilot are used to evaluate geomechanical
            conditions for safe CO2 storage. The laboratory testing program includes compressive and tensile strength
            tests of overburden and reservoir core
            samples, and the injection program consists of various types of injection tests at different depths from the
            shallow aquifer down to the targeted
            sandstone reservoir. Water injection tests (leak-off, step rate and fracture tests) were analysed to
            determine fracture pressure for cap-rock and reservoir
            formations, and fracture closure pressure for some intervals. In addition, laboratory tests, well-log data
            and empirical correlations were used
            to analyse compressive and tensile strength vs. depth. Laboratory tests showed that despite the shallow
            depth of the reservoir, less than 700 m, the
            strength and stiffness of intact material is very high, and that there is significant strength anisotropy in
            the shale units. The high tensile strength of
            intact formations in combination with the presence of pre-existing fractures makes fracturing of the intact
            intervals very unlikely. Interpretation of
            the injection tests indicates that fracture pressure has a higher magnitude and gradient in the overburden
            than in the reservoir. In the overburden,
            fracture closure stress representing the minor horizontal stress is slightly lower than the vertical stress.
            Fracture pressure in the reservoir interval
            is significantly less than the vertical stress, which suggests horizontal stress to be the minimum principal
            stress. Therefore, opening of pre-existing
            vertical to subvertical fractures is considered the most likely fracturing mode in the reservoir, whereas in
            the overburden it is uncertain due to the
            marginal difference between vertical and horizontal stresses.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2014</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2375329</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1502-5322</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://www.geologi.no/images/njg/2014-2019/2014/2-3/NJG_2_3_Vol94_Bohloli_Pr2.pdf</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 200006</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 193825</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2583855</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-02-06T04:08:08Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Skifulness - Accident prevention by finding happiness in less dangerous terrain</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Brattlien, Kjetil</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2583855</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2616530</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-09-13T03:49:20Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Reservoir assessment of Middle Jurassic sandstone-dominated formations in the Egersund Basin and
            Ling Depression, eastern Central North Sea
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Hansen, Jørgen André</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mondol, Nazmul Haque</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jahren, Jens</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Tsikalas, Filippos</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Reservoir quality assessment was conducted from petrophysical analysis and rock physics
            diagnostics on 15 wells penetrating Middle Jurassic sandstone reservoir formations in different regions of
            the eastern Central North Sea. Seismic interpretation on available 3D and 2D seismic reflection data was
            utilized to map thickness variations and to draw broad correlations to structural features such as salt
            structures and faults. In the central Egersund Basin, the Sandnes Formation shows good reservoir properties
            (gross thickness = 107–147 m, N/G = 33–53%) while the Bryne Formation exhibits poorer reservoir quality
            (N/G &lt; 20%). Both formations display variable reservoir properties and thicknesses on the northern flank
            of the Egersund Basin and in the Ling Depression (Sandnes Formation: gross thickness 16–26 m, N/G = 11–81%;
            Bryne Formation: 30–221 m, N/G = 25–70%). The time-equivalent Hugin and Sleipner formations are more locally
            developed in the southwest part of Ling Depression, and display good-to-excellent and intermediate reservoir
            quality, respectively. Furthermore, we use the outcomes of the conducted analyses to correlate observations
            to further exploration on various reservoir target formations and on seismic prediction of reservoir
            properties. Thus, the risk on reservoir presence and efficiency for the chased targets is considerably
            reduced. The main remaining risks within the study area are related to source rocks, their maturity,
            expulsion and migration of hydrocarbon, and the timing of trap formation.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Reservoir assessment of Middle Jurassic sandstone-dominated formations in the Egersund Basin
            and Ling Depression, eastern Central North Sea
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2616530</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0264-8172</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.08.044</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Marine and Petroleum Geology</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2647652</identifier>
        <datestamp>2020-03-21T04:51:22Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Waste timber pyrolysis in a medium-scale unit: Emission budgets and biochar quality</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Sørmo, Erlend</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Silvani, Ludovica</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Thune, Gorm</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Gerber, Helmut</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Schmidt, Hans-Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Pyrolysis of organic waste or woody materials yields a stable carbonaceous product that can be
            mixed into soil and is often termed “biochar”. During pyrolysis carbon-containing gases are emitted, mainly
            volatile organic carbon species, carbon monoxide and aerosols. In modern pyrolysis units, gases are
            after-combusted, which reduces emissions substantially. However, emission data for medium- to large-scale
            pyrolysis units are scant, both regarding gases, aerosols, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
            (PAH). Making biochar from lightly contaminated waste timber (WT) is a promising waste handling option as it
            results in the potential valorization of such residues into e.g. sorbents for contaminant stabilization. For
            this process to be environmentally sustainable, emissions during the process need to be low and the
            resulting biochar of sufficient quality. To investigate both issues, we pyrolyzed three batches of WT and
            one reference batch of clean wood/leaves in a representative medium-scale pyrolysis unit (Pyreg-500,
            750 t/year) with after-combustion of the pyrolysis gases, and measured the gas, aerosol, metal and PAH
            emissions, as well as the characteristics and contamination levels of the resulting biochar, including
            contaminant leaching. Mean emission factors for the WT were (g/kg biochar); CO = 7 ± 2, non-methane volatile
            organic compounds (NMVOC) = 0.86 ± 0.14, CH4 = 0, aerosols (PM10) = 0.6 ± 0.3, total products of incomplete
            combustion (PIC) = 9 ± 3, PAH-16 = (2.0 ± 0.2) · 10−5, As (most abundant metal) = (2.3 ± 1.9) · 10−3 and
            NOX = 0.65 ± 0.10. There were no significant differences in emission factors between the pyrolysis of WT and
            the reference respectively, except for PM10, NMVOC, and PAH-16, which were significantly lower for WT than
            for the clean wood/leaves. The WT biochar did not satisfy premium or basic European Biochar Certificate
            criteria due to high levels of zinc and PAH. However, leachable metal contents were &lt;0.1% of total
            contents. Still, use of the WT-biochar without further improvement or investigation would be limited to ex
            situ use, not improving soil fertility or in situ remediation.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2020</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2647652</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0048-9697</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137335</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243789</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 299070</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>718</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Science of the Total Environment</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2560656</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-09-05T03:14:43Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>First-time landslides in Vashon advance glaciolacustrine deposits, Puget Lowland, U.S.A.</dc:title>
          <dc:title>First-time landslides in Vashon advance glaciolacustrine deposits, Puget Lowland, U.S.A.</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Badger, Thomas C.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>D'Ignazio, Marco</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Advance glaciolacustrine (Qglv) deposits from the last continental glaciation are widespread
            in the densely populated Puget Lowland and are prone to shallow landsliding. Much less frequently in
            historic time, new landslides propagate deeply within intact Qglv deposits. The exceptional volume and
            highly mobile nature of the 22 March 2014, State Route 530 (Oso) landslide generated considerable
            uncertainty and public concern about the likelihood for similar deep-seated failures initiating from most
            any slope where these deposits crop out. The primary study objectives are to utilize geotechnical data from
            the small data set of available published and public-domain investigations to characterize, in general
            terms, hydrogeologic, geotechnical and geomorphic factors and their relative contribution to initiating
            deep-seated landslides within intact Qglv deposits; and to inform future hazard and risk assessments for
            first-time landslides within these deposits. Qglv deposits are overconsolidated, very stiff to hard,
            laminated to massive, silt and clay. Shear strength is anisotropic, with cohesion being a significant
            component of bedding-parallel strength and friction dominating strength perpendicular to bedding. Hydraulic
            conductivity is likely also anisotropic. Multi-year records of pore pressures within Qglv deposits show no
            to minor seasonal flux; only minor pore pressure responses to multi-day to multi-week episodes of heavy
            precipitation have been detected. Back analyses using limit-equilibrium methods and peak anisotropic
            strength under drained conditions demonstrate initial stability of the slopes. Instability occurs near the
            fully softened strength. We conclude that, over the long term, loss of cohesive strength, rather than
            hydroclimatic pore pressure response, is the more important contributor to diminishing stability and, in
            some cases, initiation of first-time landslides in Qglv deposits. The shape and location of the slide
            surface is strongly influenced by strength anisotropy and stress state. Sliding surfaces developed near the
            basal contact of the Qglv deposits in all of the five studied landslides. Higher stress states associated
            with increasing sequence thickness of the landslide masses decrease stability. The length of the basal slide
            surface, and thus the aspect ratio of the landslide mass, appears to increase proportionally with sequence
            thickness of the landslide mass.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2560656</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0013-7952</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.011</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Engineering Geology</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2563764</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-05-31T22:00:00Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Stochastic study of stability of unsaturated heterogeneous slopes destabilised by rainfall
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Stochastic study of stability of unsaturated heterogeneous slopes destabilised by rainfall
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Le, Thi Minh Hue</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Failure of unsaturated soils due to rainfall infiltration is a threat in many parts of the
            world with temperate or hot climate. Understanding of unsaturated slope stability during rainfall
            infiltration is an important but complex problem. The shear strength of unsaturated soil depends on soil
            suction and positive pore water pressure which are governed by the water flow. In addition, the soil
            porosity can vary spatially quite significantly which generates atypical preferential paths for the water
            flow. This can lead to unusual suction reduction and/or build-up of positive pore pressure over the domain.
            This study nummerically investigates the stability of an unsaturated slope with spatially varying porosity.
            The random finite element method and the shear strength reduction technique are employed to
            probabilistically estimate the change in factor of safety during and after a rainfall event. Through Monte
            Carlo simulation, the study shows that the heterogeneity of porosity can alter the failure mechanism and the
            probability of failure of the unsaturated slope.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2563764</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/9781138544468</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on
            Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE 2018), June 25-27, 2018, Porto, Portugal
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 237859</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:publisher>CRC Press</dc:publisher>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2384842</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-05-08T13:59:34Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction in Iran: Lessons and ‘‘Lessons Learned’’ from Three Large
            Earthquake Disasters—Tabas 1978, Rudbar 1990, and Bam 2003
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Ibrion, Mihaela</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mokhtari, Mohammad</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nadim, Farrokh</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in
            1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and "Lessons Learned" from these three earthquake disasters were investigated
            together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons
            from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become "Lessons Learned" and they were identified again
            within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and
            "Lessons Learned" from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam, and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable
            long-term framework-an earthquake culture.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2384842</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/2095-0055</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s13753-015-0074-1</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2454415</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-09-14T03:14:04Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Some giant submarine landslides do not produce large tsunamis</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Løvholt, Finn</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bondevik, Stein</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Laberg, Jan Sverre</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kim, Jihwan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Boylan, Noel</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Landslides are the second-most important cause of tsunamis after earthquakes, and their
            potential for generating large tsunamis depend on the slide process. Among the world's largest submarine
            landslides is the Storegga Slide that generated an ocean-wide catastrophic tsunami, while no traces of a
            tsunami generated from the similar and nearby Trænadjupet Slide have been found. Previous models for such
            landslide tsunamis have not been able to capture the complexity of the landslide processes, and are at odds
            with geotechnical and geomorphological data that reveal retrogressive landslide development. The tsunami
            generation from these massive events are here modeled with new methods that incorporate complex
            retrogressive slide motion. We show that the tsunamigenic strength is closely related to the retrogressive
            development, and explain for the first time, why similar giant landslides can produce very different
            tsunamis, sometimes smaller than anticipated. Because these slide mechanisms are common for submarine
            landslides, modeling procedures for dealing with their associated tsunamis should be revised.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2017</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2454415</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0094-8276</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1002/2017GL074062</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 231252</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>44</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Geophysical Research Letters</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2411692</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-17T00:00:01Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>The 29th January 2014 submarine landslide at Statland, Norway—landslide dynamics, tsunami
            generation, and run-up
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Glimsdal, Sylfest</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Løvholt, Finn</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>A coastal landslide occurred at Statland, Namdalseid county, mid-Norway, on January 29, 2014,
            and generated a local tsunami. Neither the landslide nor the tsunami resulted in severe casualties, but the
            landslide tsunami gave rise to a maximum run-up height of 10 m and caused local damage to the Statland
            village. The limited size of the landslide as well as the availability of both pre- and post-landslide
            bathymetry and tsunami run-up data enable insight into the joint landslide-tsunami process. We first present
            the results of the post-tsunami field survey, followed by a description of the combined modeling of the
            landslide dynamics, tsunami generation, and run-up. The modeling initially involved different hypotheses of
            the landslide dynamics. By comparing the simulated tsunami run-up for these different scenarios with on-site
            observations, it was possible to reconstruct the landslide dynamics and tsunami generation. Retrofitting of
            this event utilized both observations of the landslide deposits as well as sea surface withdrawal values.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2411692</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1612-510X</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1007/s10346-016-0758-7</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 231252</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2504730</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-07-10T03:10:59Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Effect of cone penetrometer type on CPTU results at a soft clay test site in Norway</dc:title>
          <dc:title>Effect of cone penetrometer type on CPTU results at a soft clay test site in Norway</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Lunne, Tom</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Strandvik, Stein Oddvar</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kåsin, Kristoffer</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>L'Heureux, Jean-Sébastien</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Haugen, E.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Uruci, E.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Veldhuijzen, A.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Carlson, M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kassner, M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Seven different cone penetrometers from 5 manufacturers have been used in a comparative
            testing program at the Norwegian GeoTest site (NGTS) on soft clay in Onsøy, Norway. Tests with all cone
            types give very repeatable penetration pore pressure, u2. When comparing tests with different cone types,
            six of the cones give very similar u2 values. One cone type give consistently higher u2 values. Measured
            cone resistance, qc, generally varies somewhat more, both regarding tests with the same cone, and when
            comparing results of one cone type with another. Some of the cone types give good repeatability for sleeve
            friction, fs, readings, while some show relatively large variation. When comparing fs from different cone
            types the variation is quite large, which is in line with previous experience. An attempt has been made to
            understand the reasons for the large fs variations.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Effect of cone penetrometer type on CPTU results at a soft clay test site in Norway
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2504730</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/9781138584495</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Cone Penetration Testing IV: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Cone Penetration
            Testing (CPT 2018), June 21-22, 2018, Delft, The Netherlands
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2374686</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-16T21:46:15Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Effect of Soil pH Increase by Biochar on NO, N2O and N2 Production during Denitrification in Acid
            Soils
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Obia, Alfred</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Dörsch, Peter</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:date>2015</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2374686</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1932-6203</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138781</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2633901</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-12-19T04:49:35Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Data-Fusion Based Vulnerability Analysis of Shield Driven Tunnel Suffering from Extreme Soil
            Surcharging
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Xie, Xin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Huang, Hongwei</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Zhang, Dongming</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Liu, Zhongqiang</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lacasse, Suzanne</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>A new data fusion approach is presented for evaluating the vulnerability curves utilizing
            multi-source monitoring information. A Bayesian network with continuous variables for a shield driven tunnel
            involving the loading condition, structural parameters (e.g. stiffness in waist and top joint) and soil
            parameters (e.g. subgrade reaction and lateral earth pressure) was constructed. Field monitoring data are
            taken into the Bayesian network to update the uncertain variables. Fragility and vulnerability curves are
            then drawn using the updated parameters. An example of shield driven tunnel under extreme surcharging is
            presented to illustrate the proposed methodology. The method is able to integrate the field monitoring
            information based on the tunnel deformation mechanisms and update the soil and structural parameters.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2633901</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-981-11-2725-0</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR 2019)
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>571-576</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2465328</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-10T04:08:39Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Experimental study on axial and lateral bearing capacities of nonwelded composite piles based on
            pile load test results
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Park, J.H.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Shin, Yunsup</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Chung, M</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In the presented paper, the axial and lateral behaviors of non-welded composite piles were
            investigated based on pile load test results. Recently, a composite pile composed of steel pipe and PHC pile
            was introduced into the market in Korea. A steel pile is placed in the upper part to support lateral loads
            and a PHC pile is placed in the lower part to resist axial load mainly. A mechanical joint is applied at the
            interface of the two different materials. This could be more favoured to conventional welding method in
            terms of cost and time in construction. Dynamic load tests and lateral load tests are performed to evaluate
            the axial and lateral behaviors of composite pile, respectively. The performance of the composite piles were
            thought to be satisfactory compared to that of steel pipe and PHC piles with a long history of successful
            applications. Additionally a new design chart was suggested for the design of non-welded composite pile.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2465328</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-9935-24-002-6</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://www.ngm2016.com/uploads/2/1/7/9/21790806/ngm2016-proceedings-v1b.pdf</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1065-1069</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2425008</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-17T07:41:17Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Microseismic monitoring and interpretation of injection data from the In Salah CO2 storage site
            (Krechba), Algeria
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Oye, Volker</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Aker, Eyvind</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Daley, Thomas M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kühn, Daniela</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bohloli, Bahman</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Korneev, Valeri</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>Microseismic data analysis together with interpretation of injection data at the In Salah CO2
            storage site provides a valuable tool for improved understanding of the subsurface injection and storage
            processes. More than 1500 microseismic events have been detected semi-automatically between August 2009 and
            May 2012 and the occurrence of the events correlates clearly with increased injection rates and well-head
            pressures. Most likely the fracture pressure has been exceeded temporarily, resulting in a sudden increase
            of microseismicity. Waveform cross- correlation of the events demonstrates that most events occur in three
            distinct clusters. Clusters with shorter S-P wave differential travel times clearly correlate with the CO2
            injection at KB502, whereas events with larger S-P wave times do not. An uncertainty analysis and a network
            design study conclude that a more extensive microseismic network would be needed to resolve locations and
            potential correlations with injection data.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2013</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2425008</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1876-6102</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.321</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2465342</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-11-10T04:08:04Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>The Refne landslide, Halden, Norway: case history and use of risk assessment</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Smaavik, Tone Fallan</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Heyerdahl, Håkon</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>In 2014, a landslide in a steep slope beneath an apartment block in Refne in the city of
            Halden, Norway led to the evacuation of over 60 residents from their homes. The landslide is assumed to have
            been triggered by unusually high levels of rainfall over the preceding months, leading to accumulative
            long-term rainfall not previously seen in the lifetime of the block. Raised groundwater level and increased
            pore water in the saturated and unsaturated (vadose) zones are assumed to have contributed to reduced
            stability of the slope. An initial risk assessment was performed to aid communication with local authorities
            and stakeholders and to clarify necessary actions. Following the evaluation of potential scenarios affecting
            the structural integrity of the pile foundations, the risk to residents was found to be unacceptable, and
            evacuation was therefore maintained. In particular, the potential development of a quick clay slide would
            have had catastrophic consequences. In order to improve the basis for further risk analyses and allow the
            design of stabilising measures, geotechnical site investigations (SI) were undertaken. Following the SI
            results and the completion of stabilising measures, an updated risk analysis was issued. This concluded a
            reduced level of risk for all landslide scenarios previously evaluated, and that the risk to residents was
            adequately reduced. This paper shows how the visualization of risk using diagrams for risk analysis enabled
            communication and understanding between the geotechnical and structural engineers, police, local authorities
            and other stakeholders throughout the project, and formed the basis for decisions regarding evacuations and
            necessary mitigation measures. Engineering judgment is essential when reviewing risks in any natural hazard
            situation. Graphical risk analysis tools allow experience to be quantified and communicated to both experts
            and laymen alike so that operational decisions regarding public safety can be taken.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2465342</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-9935-24-002-6</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the 17th Nordic Geotechnical Meeting</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>1153-1162</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2574252</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-11-23T04:09:07Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Offshore Bangladesh Including Fault Sources</dc:title>
          <dc:title>Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Offshore Bangladesh Including Fault Sources</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Carlton, Brian</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Skurtveit, Elin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bohloli, Bahman</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Atakan, Kuvvet</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Dondzila, Emily</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Kaynia, Amir M.</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>This paper presents a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) for a site offshore
            Maheshkhali Island, Bangladesh. The tectonic setting of the area is complex, and the PSHA includes active
            crustal faults, megathrust and intraplate subduction faults, and a background gridded seismicity areal
            source zone based on historical and recorded earthquakes. In addition, we model several rupture scenarios
            for the closest megathrust source. The peak ground acceleration values for return periods of 475 years and
            2475 years are 0.33 g and 0.63 g, respectively. These values are higher than previous studies conducted in
            the area, however, past studies only included areal source zones based on recorded seismicity whereas this
            study takes advantage of recent research to include more detailed fault data. The deaggregation plots show
            that the main contributors to the hazard are a magnitude 6.5–7.1 earthquake 15–20 km from the site on the
            Maheshkhali fault and a magnitude 8.0–8.8 earthquake 120–250 km from the site on the Ramree megathrust.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis for Offshore Bangladesh Including Fault Sources
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2574252</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/9780784481462</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics V: Seismic Hazard Analysis, Earthquake
            Ground Motions, and Regional-Scale Assessment
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>154-163</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2589975</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-03-15T04:02:12Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>CO2 Flow, Alteration And Geomechanical Response In Confining Units – An Experimental ApproachGreen
            Open Access
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Skurtveit, Elin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sundal, Anja</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Soldal, Magnus</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sauvin, Guillaume</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Bjørnarå, Tore Ingvald</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Seal integrity during injection operations is a topic of great interest both within the CO2
            storage community, for wastewater injection and traditional reservoir pressure support. The Little Grand
            Wash fault, central Utah, USA, provides an excellent location for studying seal bypass systems in a
            siliciclastic sedimentary sequence. Two mode I siltstone fractures with significantly different apertures
            and varying degree of sample bleaching due to alterations from reactive fluid flow are studied together with
            two intact rock reference samples from the same depth level in the core. The experimental work addresses
            fracture flow and stiffness relationships. Observed differences in fracture closure trends may be explained
            as a rapid decrease in stiffness and flow for altered samples due to the fluid rock interaction process
            altering the fracture surface contact area for this sample
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/lecture</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2589975</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2451669</identifier>
        <datestamp>2017-08-25T03:04:30Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Impacts of extreme weather events on transport infrastructure in Norway</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Frauenfelder, Regula</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Solheim, Anders</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Isaksen, Ketil</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Romstad, Bård</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Dyrrdal, Anita Verpe</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ekseth, Kristine</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Skaland, Reidunn Gangstø</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Alf</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Harbitz, Carl Bonnevie</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Haugen, Jan Erik</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hygen, Hans Olav</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Haakenstad, Hilde</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jaedicke, Christian</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jónsson, Árni</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Klæboe, Ronny</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Ludvigsen, Johanna</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Meyer, Nele Kristin</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Rauken, Trude</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Sverdrup-Thygeson, Kjetil</dc:creator>
          <dc:date>2016</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2451669</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1029-7006</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2016/EGU2016-15407-3.pdf</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 200689</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>Geophysical Research Abstracts</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2425000</identifier>
        <datestamp>2016-12-17T07:40:39Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>CO2 Field Lab at Svelvik Ridge: Site Suitability</dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Bakk, Audun</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Girard, Jean-Francois</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Lindeberg, Erik Gøsta Brun</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Aker, Eyvind</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Wertz, Frederic</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Buddensiek, Maike-Liselotte</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Barrio, Maria</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jones, David</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>-</dc:description>
          <dc:description>A field laboratory for monitoring CO2 migration has been established in the Holocene deposit
            of the Svelvik ridge, located at the sill of the Drammensfjord 50 km south of Oslo. Initial characterization
            of the site shows that the formation is very suitable for studying migration and associated leakage,
            particularly within the top 50 m where the sediments consist of relatively homogenous sand. In the deeper
            part of the deposit, the formation seems to have more structure possibly enabling monitoring of horizontal
            migration and more complex migration patterns. Copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2012</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2425000</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1876-6102</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.06.055</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2560667</identifier>
        <datestamp>2018-09-05T03:13:45Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an
            Indonesian Ultisol
          </dc:title>
          <dc:title>Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an
            Indonesian Ultisol
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Cornelissen, Gerard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Jubaedah, X</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Nurida, Neneng</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hale, Sarah</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Martinsen, Vegard</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Silvani, Ludovica</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Mulder, Jan</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Low fertility limits crop production on acidic soils dominating much of the humid tropics.
            Biochar may be used as a soil enhancer, but little consensus exists on its effect on crop yield. Here we use
            a controlled, replicated and long-termfield study in Sumatra, Indonesia, to investigate the longevity
            andmechanismof the effects of two contrasting biochars (produced fromrice husk and cacao shell, and applied
            at dosages of 5 and 15 t ha−1) on maize production in a highly acidic Ultisol (pHKCl 3.6). Compared to rice
            husk biochar, cacao shell biochar exhibited a higher pH (9.8 vs. 8.4), CEC (197 vs. 20 cmolc kg−1) and acid
            neutralizing capacity (217 vs. 45 cmolc kg−1) and thus had a greater liming potential. Crop yield effects of
            cacao shell biochar (15 t ha−1) were also much stronger than those of rice husk biochar, and could be
            related to more favorable Ca/Al ratios in response to cacao shell biochar (1.0 to 1.5) compared to rice husk
            biochar (0.3 to 0.6) and nonamended plots (0.15 to 0.6). Themaize yield obtainedwith the cacao shell biochar
            peaked in season 2, continued to have a good effect in seasons 3–4, and faded in season 5. The yield effect
            of the rice husk biochar was less pronounced and already faded from season 2 onwards. Crop yieldswere
            correlatedwith the pH-related parameters Ca/Al ratio, base saturation and exchangeable K. The positive
            effects of cocoa shell biochar on crop yield in this Ultisolwere at least in part related to alleviation of
            soil acidity. The fading effectiveness aftermultiple growth seasons, possibly due to leaching of the
            biochar-associated alkalinity, indicates that 15 t ha−1 of cocoa shell biochar needs to be applied
            approximately every third season in order to maintain positive effects on yield.
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in
            an Indonesian Ultisol
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2018</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2560667</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0048-9697</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.380</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 217918</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Norges forskningsråd: 243789</dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
          <dc:source>8</dc:source>
          <dc:source>Science of the Total Environment</dc:source>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
    <record>
      <header>
        <identifier>oai:ngi.brage.unit.no:11250/2630877</identifier>
        <datestamp>2019-11-29T04:49:13Z</datestamp>
        <setSpec>com_11250_2373197</setSpec>
        <setSpec>col_11250_2374157</setSpec>
        <setSpec>openaire</setSpec>
      </header>
      <metadata>
        <oai_dc:dc xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai"
                   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
                   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
          <dc:title>Settlement monitoring using space-borne radar interferometry, in the context of large infrastructure
            projects
          </dc:title>
          <dc:creator>Frauenfelder, Regula</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Vöge, Malte</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Pfaffhuber, Andreas Aspmo</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Hauser, Carsten</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Dehli, Geir</dc:creator>
          <dc:creator>Syversen, Fredrikke</dc:creator>
          <dc:description>Geodetic data acquisition in urban areas and along linear infrastructure are major cost
            drivers in big infrastructure projects. Modern remote sensing methods help us to manage data acquisitions
            with high effectiveness during the different phases of such projects. Here, we show how we apply space-borne
            radar interferometry to monitor settlements. We showcase two examples: a) the new E18-highway development
            project in Bærum, Norway; and b) the Follo Line railway project between Ski and Oslo. Monitoring is done by
            exploiting very high resolution TerraSAR-X data (ca. 1.5 x 1.5 m spatial ground resolution) in the E18 case,
            and high resolution Radarsat-2 data (ca. 7 x 7 m spatial ground resolution) in the Follo Line case. In both
            cases,
          </dc:description>
          <dc:description>Settlement monitoring using space-borne radar interferometry, in the context of large
            infrastructure projects
          </dc:description>
          <dc:date>2019</dc:date>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart</dc:type>
          <dc:type>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion</dc:type>
          <dc:identifier>http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2630877</dc:identifier>
          <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.32075/17ECSMGE-2019-0322</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-9935-9436-1-3</dc:relation>
          <dc:relation>Proceedings of the XVII ECSMGE 2019 : Geotechnical Engineering foundation of the future :
            European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
          </dc:relation>
          <dc:rights>info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess</dc:rights>
          <dc:format>application/pdf</dc:format>
        </oai_dc:dc>
      </metadata>
    </record>
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