dnet-hadoop/dhp-workflows/dhp-graph-provision/src/main/java/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/provision/CreateRelatedEntitiesJob_phase1.java

package eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.provision;

import static eu.dnetlib.dhp.common.SparkSessionSupport.runWithSparkSession;
import static eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.provision.utils.GraphMappingUtils.*;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.application.ArgumentApplicationParser;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.common.HdfsSupport;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.provision.model.EntityRelEntity;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.provision.model.RelatedEntity;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.provision.model.SortableRelation;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.EntityType;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.common.ModelSupport;
import eu.dnetlib.dhp.schema.oaf.OafEntity;
import java.util.Optional;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.FilterFunction;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.MapFunction;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoders;
import org.apache.spark.sql.SaveMode;
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import scala.Tuple2;

/**
 * Joins the graph nodes by resolving the links of distance = 1 to create an adjacency list of
 * linked objects. The operation considers all the entity types (publication, dataset, software,
 * ORP, project, datasource, organization, and all the possible relationships (similarity links
 * produced by the Dedup process are excluded).
 *
 * <p>The operation is implemented by sequentially joining one entity type at time (E) with the
 * relationships (R), and again by E, finally grouped by E.id;
 *
 * <p>The workflow is organized in different parts aimed to to reduce the complexity of the
 * operation 1) PrepareRelationsJob: only consider relationships that are not virtually deleted
 * ($.dataInfo.deletedbyinference == false), each entity can be linked at most to 100 other objects
 *
 * <p>2) JoinRelationEntityByTargetJob: (phase 1): prepare tuples [relation - target entity] (R -
 * T): for each entity type E_i map E_i as RelatedEntity T_i to simplify the model and extracting
 * only the necessary information join (R.target = T_i.id) save the tuples (R_i, T_i) (phase 2):
 * create the union of all the entity types E, hash by id read the tuples (R, T), hash by R.source
 * join E.id = (R, T).source, where E becomes the Source Entity S save the tuples (S, R, T)
 *
 * <p>3) AdjacencyListBuilderJob: given the tuple (S - R - T) we need to group by S.id -> List [ R -
 * T ], mapping the result as JoinedEntity
 *
 * <p>4) XmlConverterJob: convert the JoinedEntities as XML records
 */
public class CreateRelatedEntitiesJob_phase1 {

    private static final Logger log =
            LoggerFactory.getLogger(CreateRelatedEntitiesJob_phase1.class);

    private static final ObjectMapper OBJECT_MAPPER = new ObjectMapper();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        String jsonConfiguration =
                IOUtils.toString(
                        PrepareRelationsJob.class.getResourceAsStream(
                                "/eu/dnetlib/dhp/oa/provision/input_params_related_entities_pahase1.json"));
        final ArgumentApplicationParser parser = new ArgumentApplicationParser(jsonConfiguration);
        parser.parseArgument(args);

        Boolean isSparkSessionManaged =
                Optional.ofNullable(parser.get("isSparkSessionManaged"))
                        .map(Boolean::valueOf)
                        .orElse(Boolean.TRUE);
        log.info("isSparkSessionManaged: {}", isSparkSessionManaged);

        String inputRelationsPath = parser.get("inputRelationsPath");
        log.info("inputRelationsPath: {}", inputRelationsPath);

        String inputEntityPath = parser.get("inputEntityPath");
        log.info("inputEntityPath: {}", inputEntityPath);

        String outputPath = parser.get("outputPath");
        log.info("outputPath: {}", outputPath);

        String graphTableClassName = parser.get("graphTableClassName");
        log.info("graphTableClassName: {}", graphTableClassName);

        Class<? extends OafEntity> entityClazz =
                (Class<? extends OafEntity>) Class.forName(graphTableClassName);

        SparkConf conf = new SparkConf();
        conf.set("spark.serializer", "org.apache.spark.serializer.KryoSerializer");
        conf.registerKryoClasses(ModelSupport.getOafModelClasses());

        runWithSparkSession(
                conf,
                isSparkSessionManaged,
                spark -> {
                    removeOutputDir(spark, outputPath);
                    joinRelationEntity(
                            spark, inputRelationsPath, inputEntityPath, entityClazz, outputPath);
                });
    }

    private static <E extends OafEntity> void joinRelationEntity(
            SparkSession spark,
            String inputRelationsPath,
            String inputEntityPath,
            Class<E> entityClazz,
            String outputPath) {

        Dataset<Tuple2<String, SortableRelation>> relsByTarget =
                readPathRelation(spark, inputRelationsPath)
                        .filter(
                                (FilterFunction<SortableRelation>)
                                        value ->
                                                value.getDataInfo().getDeletedbyinference()
                                                        == false)
                        .map(
                                (MapFunction<SortableRelation, Tuple2<String, SortableRelation>>)
                                        r -> new Tuple2<>(r.getTarget(), r),
                                Encoders.tuple(
                                        Encoders.STRING(), Encoders.kryo(SortableRelation.class)))
                        .cache();

        Dataset<Tuple2<String, RelatedEntity>> entities =
                readPathEntity(spark, inputEntityPath, entityClazz)
                        .map(
                                (MapFunction<E, RelatedEntity>)
                                        value -> asRelatedEntity(value, entityClazz),
                                Encoders.bean(RelatedEntity.class))
                        .map(
                                (MapFunction<RelatedEntity, Tuple2<String, RelatedEntity>>)
                                        e -> new Tuple2<>(e.getId(), e),
                                Encoders.tuple(
                                        Encoders.STRING(), Encoders.kryo(RelatedEntity.class)))
                        .cache();

        relsByTarget
                .joinWith(entities, entities.col("_1").equalTo(relsByTarget.col("_1")), "inner")
                .map(
                        (MapFunction<
                                        Tuple2<
                                                Tuple2<String, SortableRelation>,
                                                Tuple2<String, RelatedEntity>>,
                                        EntityRelEntity>)
                                t -> new EntityRelEntity(t._1()._2(), t._2()._2()),
                        Encoders.bean(EntityRelEntity.class))
                .write()
                .mode(SaveMode.Overwrite)
                .parquet(outputPath + "/" + EntityType.fromClass(entityClazz));
    }

    private static <E extends OafEntity> Dataset<E> readPathEntity(
            SparkSession spark, String inputEntityPath, Class<E> entityClazz) {

        log.info("Reading Graph table from: {}", inputEntityPath);
        return spark.read()
                .textFile(inputEntityPath)
                .map(
                        (MapFunction<String, E>)
                                value -> OBJECT_MAPPER.readValue(value, entityClazz),
                        Encoders.bean(entityClazz));
    }

    /**
     * Reads a Dataset of eu.dnetlib.dhp.oa.provision.model.SortableRelation objects from a newline
     * delimited json text file,
     *
     * @param spark
     * @param relationPath
     * @return the Dataset<SortableRelation> containing all the relationships
     */
    private static Dataset<SortableRelation> readPathRelation(
            SparkSession spark, final String relationPath) {

        log.info("Reading relations from: {}", relationPath);
        return spark.read().load(relationPath).as(Encoders.bean(SortableRelation.class));
    }

    private static void removeOutputDir(SparkSession spark, String path) {
        HdfsSupport.remove(path, spark.sparkContext().hadoopConfiguration());
    }
}