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                    <QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D066298" MajorTopicYN="N">In Vitro Techniques</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D008238" MajorTopicYN="N">Lysergic Acid Diethylamide</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D010974" MajorTopicYN="N">Platelet Aggregation</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D011817" MajorTopicYN="N">Rabbits</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
            </MeshHeadingList>
        </MedlineCitation>
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                    <Month>10</Month>
                    <Day>15</Day>
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                    <Year>1975</Year>
                    <Month>10</Month>
                    <Day>15</Day>
                    <Hour>0</Hour>
                    <Minute>1</Minute>
                </PubMedPubDate>
                <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
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                    <Month>10</Month>
                    <Day>15</Day>
                    <Hour>0</Hour>
                    <Minute>0</Minute>
                </PubMedPubDate>
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            <PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
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                <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20</ArticleId>
                <ArticleId IdType="pii">0006-2952(75)90415-3</ArticleId>
                <ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/0006-2952(75)90415-3</ArticleId>
            </ArticleIdList>
            <ReferenceList>
                <Reference>
                    <Citation>Int J Qual Health Care. 2008 Feb;20(1):22-30</Citation>
                    <ArticleIdList>
                        <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18073269</ArticleId>
                    </ArticleIdList>
                </Reference>
                <Reference>
                    <Citation>Qual Health Res. 2008 Mar;18(3):380-90</Citation>
                    <ArticleIdList>
                        <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18235161</ArticleId>
                    </ArticleIdList>
                </Reference>
                <Reference>
                    <Citation>N Engl J Med. 2009 Jan 29;360(5):491-9</Citation>
                    <ArticleIdList>
                        <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19144931</ArticleId>
                    </ArticleIdList>
                </Reference>
                <Reference>
                    <Citation>Med Educ. 1998 May;32(3):239-43</Citation>
                    <ArticleIdList>
                        <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9743776</ArticleId>
                    </ArticleIdList>
                </Reference>
            </ReferenceList>
        </PubmedData>
    </PubmedArticle>
    <PubmedArticle>
        <MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
            <PMID Version="1">21</PMID>
            <DateCompleted>
                <Year>1976</Year>
                <Month>01</Month>
                <Day>26</Day>
            </DateCompleted>
            <DateRevised>
                <Year>2017</Year>
                <Month>03</Month>
                <Day>22</Day>
            </DateRevised>
            <Article PubModel="Print">
                <Journal>
                    <ISSN IssnType="Print">0004-4172</ISSN>
                    <JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print">
                        <Volume>25</Volume>
                        <Issue>9</Issue>
                        <PubDate>
                            <Year>1975</Year>
                            <Month>Sep</Month>
                        </PubDate>
                    </JournalIssue>
                    <Title>Arzneimittel-Forschung</Title>
                    <ISOAbbreviation>Arzneimittelforschung</ISOAbbreviation>
                </Journal>
                <ArticleTitle>[Biochemical studies on camomile components/III. In vitro studies about the antipeptic
                    activity of (--)-alpha-bisabolol (author's transl)].
                </ArticleTitle>
                <Pagination>
                    <MedlinePgn>1352-4</MedlinePgn>
                </Pagination>
                <Abstract>
                    <AbstractText>(--)-alpha-Bisabolol has a primary antipeptic action depending on dosage, which is not
                        caused by an alteration of the pH-value. The proteolytic activity of pepsin is reduced by 50
                        percent through addition of bisabolol in the ratio of 1/0.5. The antipeptic action of bisabolol
                        only occurs in case of direct contact. In case of a previous contact with the substrate, the
                        inhibiting effect is lost.
                    </AbstractText>
                </Abstract>
                <AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
                    <Author ValidYN="Y">
                        <LastName>Isaac</LastName>
                        <ForeName>O</ForeName>
                        <Initials>O</Initials>
                    </Author>
                    <Author ValidYN="Y">
                        <LastName>Thiemer</LastName>
                        <ForeName>K</ForeName>
                        <Initials>K</Initials>
                    </Author>
                </AuthorList>
                <Language>ger</Language>
                <PublicationTypeList>
                    <PublicationType UI="D004740">English Abstract</PublicationType>
                    <PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
                </PublicationTypeList>
                <VernacularTitle>Biochemische Untersuchungen von Kamilleninhaltsstoffen. III. In-vitro-Versuche über die
                    antipeptische Wirkung des (-)-alpha-Bisabolols
                </VernacularTitle>
            </Article>
            <MedlineJournalInfo>
                <Country>Germany</Country>
                <MedlineTA>Arzneimittelforschung</MedlineTA>
                <NlmUniqueID>0372660</NlmUniqueID>
                <ISSNLinking>0004-4172</ISSNLinking>
            </MedlineJournalInfo>
            <ChemicalList>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D006454">Hemoglobins</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D012717">Sesquiterpenes</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>42HK56048U</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D014443">Tyrosine</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>5V2JDO056X</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D014238">Trichloroacetic Acid</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>EC 3.4.23.1</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D010434">Pepsin A</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
            </ChemicalList>
            <CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
            <MeshHeadingList>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D004305" MajorTopicYN="N">Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D006454" MajorTopicYN="N">Hemoglobins</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D006863" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D066298" MajorTopicYN="N">In Vitro Techniques</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D008722" MajorTopicYN="N">Methods</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D010434" MajorTopicYN="N">Pepsin A</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000037" MajorTopicYN="Y">antagonists &amp; inhibitors</QualifierName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D010946" MajorTopicYN="N">Plants, Medicinal</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D012717" MajorTopicYN="N">Sesquiterpenes</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D013056" MajorTopicYN="N">Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D014238" MajorTopicYN="N">Trichloroacetic Acid</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D014443" MajorTopicYN="N">Tyrosine</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
            </MeshHeadingList>
        </MedlineCitation>
        <PubmedData>
            <History>
                <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
                    <Year>1975</Year>
                    <Month>9</Month>
                    <Day>1</Day>
                </PubMedPubDate>
                <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
                    <Year>1975</Year>
                    <Month>9</Month>
                    <Day>1</Day>
                    <Hour>0</Hour>
                    <Minute>1</Minute>
                </PubMedPubDate>
                <PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
                    <Year>1975</Year>
                    <Month>9</Month>
                    <Day>1</Day>
                    <Hour>0</Hour>
                    <Minute>0</Minute>
                </PubMedPubDate>
            </History>
            <PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
            <ArticleIdList>
                <ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21</ArticleId>
            </ArticleIdList>
        </PubmedData>
    </PubmedArticle>
    <PubmedArticle>
        <MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
            <PMID Version="1">22</PMID>
            <DateCompleted>
                <Year>1976</Year>
                <Month>01</Month>
                <Day>26</Day>
            </DateCompleted>
            <DateRevised>
                <Year>2020</Year>
                <Month>02</Month>
                <Day>25</Day>
            </DateRevised>
            <Article PubModel="Print">
                <Journal>
                    <ISSN IssnType="Print">0004-4172</ISSN>
                    <JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print">
                        <Volume>25</Volume>
                        <Issue>9</Issue>
                        <PubDate>
                            <Year>1975</Year>
                            <Month>Sep</Month>
                        </PubDate>
                    </JournalIssue>
                    <Title>Arzneimittel-Forschung</Title>
                    <ISOAbbreviation>Arzneimittelforschung</ISOAbbreviation>
                </Journal>
                <ArticleTitle>[Demonstration of tumor inhibiting properties of a strongly immunostimulating
                    low-molecular weight substance. Comparative studies with ifosfamide on the immuno-labile DS
                    carcinosarcoma. Stimulation of the autoimmune activity for approx. 20 days by BA 1, a
                    N-(2-cyanoethylene)-urea. Novel prophylactic possibilities].
                </ArticleTitle>
                <Pagination>
                    <MedlinePgn>1369-79</MedlinePgn>
                </Pagination>
                <Abstract>
                    <AbstractText>A report is given on the recent discovery of outstanding immunological properties in
                        BA 1 [N-(2-cyanoethylene)-urea] having a (low) molecular mass M = 111.104. Experiments in 214 DS
                        carcinosarcoma bearing Wistar rats have shown that BA 1, at a dosage of only about 12 percent
                        LD50 (150 mg kg) and negligible lethality (1.7 percent), results in a recovery rate of 40
                        percent without hyperglycemia and, in one test, of 80 percent with hyperglycemia. Under
                        otherwise unchanged conditions the reference substance ifosfamide (IF) -- a further development
                        of cyclophosphamide -- applied without hyperglycemia in its most efficient dosage of 47 percent
                        LD50 (150 mg kg) brought about a recovery rate of 25 percent at a lethality of 18 percent.
                        (Contrary to BA 1, 250-min hyperglycemia caused no further improvement of the recovery rate.)
                        However this comparison is characterized by the fact that both substances exhibit two quite
                        different (complementary) mechanisms of action. Leucocyte counts made after application of the
                        said cancerostatics and dosages have shown a pronounced stimulation with BA 1 and with
                        ifosfamide, the known suppression in the post-therapeutic interval usually found with standard
                        cancerostatics. In combination with the cited plaque test for BA 1, blood pictures then allow
                        conclusions on the immunity status. Since IF can be taken as one of the most efficient
                        cancerostatics--there is no other chemotherapeutic known up to now that has a more significant
                        effect on the DS carcinosarcoma in rats -- these findings are of special importance. Finally,
                        the total amount of leucocytes and lymphocytes as well as their time behaviour was determined
                        from the blood picture of tumour-free rats after i.v. application of BA 1. The thus obtained
                        numerical values clearly show that further research work on the prophylactic use of this
                        substance seems to be necessary and very promising.
                    </AbstractText>
                </Abstract>
                <AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
                    <Author ValidYN="Y">
                        <LastName>Ardenne</LastName>
                        <ForeName>M</ForeName>
                        <Initials>M</Initials>
                    </Author>
                    <Author ValidYN="Y">
                        <LastName>Reitnauer</LastName>
                        <ForeName>P G</ForeName>
                        <Initials>PG</Initials>
                    </Author>
                </AuthorList>
                <Language>ger</Language>
                <PublicationTypeList>
                    <PublicationType UI="D003160">Comparative Study</PublicationType>
                    <PublicationType UI="D004740">English Abstract</PublicationType>
                    <PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
                </PublicationTypeList>
                <VernacularTitle>Nachweis krebshemmender Eigenschaften einer stark immunstimulierenden Verbindung
                    kleiner Molekülmasse. Versuche am immunlabilen DS-Karzinosarkom im Vergleich mit Ifosfamid.
                    Stimulierung der körpereigenen Abwehr über etwa 20 Tage durch BA 1, einen
                    N-(2-Cyanthylen)-harnstoff. Neue prophylaktische Möglichkeiten
                </VernacularTitle>
            </Article>
            <MedlineJournalInfo>
                <Country>Germany</Country>
                <MedlineTA>Arzneimittelforschung</MedlineTA>
                <NlmUniqueID>0372660</NlmUniqueID>
                <ISSNLinking>0004-4172</ISSNLinking>
            </MedlineJournalInfo>
            <ChemicalList>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D000970">Antineoplastic Agents</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>8N3DW7272P</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D003520">Cyclophosphamide</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>8W8T17847W</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D014508">Urea</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>UM20QQM95Y</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D007069">Ifosfamide</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
            </ChemicalList>
            <CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
            <MeshHeadingList>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D000970" MajorTopicYN="N">Antineoplastic Agents</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="Y">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D002296" MajorTopicYN="N">Carcinosarcoma</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug therapy</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D003520" MajorTopicYN="N">Cyclophosphamide</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000031" MajorTopicYN="Y">analogs &amp; derivatives</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D004353" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Evaluation, Preclinical</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D004361" MajorTopicYN="N">Drug Tolerance</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D004906" MajorTopicYN="N">Erythrocyte Count</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D006863" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D006943" MajorTopicYN="N">Hyperglycemia</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D007069" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ifosfamide</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D007109" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunity</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D007165" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunosuppression</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D007928" MajorTopicYN="N">Lethal Dose 50</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D007958" MajorTopicYN="N">Leukocyte Count</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D009374" MajorTopicYN="N">Neoplasms, Experimental</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000188" MajorTopicYN="N">drug therapy</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D051381" MajorTopicYN="N">Rats</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D013268" MajorTopicYN="N">Stimulation, Chemical</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName>
                </MeshHeading>
                <MeshHeading>
                    <DescriptorName UI="D014508" MajorTopicYN="N">Urea</DescriptorName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000031" MajorTopicYN="Y">analogs &amp; derivatives</QualifierName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName>
                    <QualifierName UI="Q000627" MajorTopicYN="N">therapeutic use</QualifierName>
                </MeshHeading>
            </MeshHeadingList>
        </MedlineCitation>
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                    <Minute>1</Minute>
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                    <Day>1</Day>
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                    <Minute>0</Minute>
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        <MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
            <PMID Version="1">23</PMID>
            <DateCompleted>
                <Year>1976</Year>
                <Month>01</Month>
                <Day>26</Day>
            </DateCompleted>
            <DateRevised>
                <Year>2020</Year>
                <Month>02</Month>
                <Day>25</Day>
            </DateRevised>
            <Article PubModel="Print">
                <Journal>
                    <ISSN IssnType="Print">0004-4172</ISSN>
                    <JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print">
                        <Volume>25</Volume>
                        <Issue>9</Issue>
                        <PubDate>
                            <Year>1975</Year>
                            <Month>Sep</Month>
                        </PubDate>
                    </JournalIssue>
                    <Title>Arzneimittel-Forschung</Title>
                    <ISOAbbreviation>Arzneimittelforschung</ISOAbbreviation>
                </Journal>
                <ArticleTitle>Effect of etafenone on total and regional myocardial blood flow.</ArticleTitle>
                <Pagination>
                    <MedlinePgn>1400-3</MedlinePgn>
                </Pagination>
                <Abstract>
                    <AbstractText>The distribution of blood flow to the subendocardial, medium and subepicardial layers
                        of the left ventricular free wall was studied in anaesthetized dogs under normoxic (A), hypoxic
                        (B) conditions and under pharmacologically induced (etafenone) coronary vasodilation (C).
                        Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by means of the particle distribution method. In
                        normoxia a transmural gradient of flow was observed, with the subendocardial layers receiving a
                        significantly higher flow rate compared with the subepicardial layers. In hypoxia induced
                        vasodilation this transmural gradient of flow was persistent. In contrast a marked
                        redistribution of regional flow was observed under pharmacologically induced vasodilation. The
                        transmural gradient decreased. In contrast to some findings these experiments demonstrate that a
                        considerable vasodilatory capacity exists in all layers of the myocardium and can be utilized by
                        drugs. The differences observed for the intramural distribution pattern of flow under hypoxia
                        and drug induced vasodilation support the hypothesis that this pattern reflects corresponding
                        gradients of regional myocardial metabolism.
                    </AbstractText>
                </Abstract>
                <AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
                    <Author ValidYN="Y">
                        <LastName>Flohr</LastName>
                        <ForeName>H</ForeName>
                        <Initials>H</Initials>
                    </Author>
                    <Author ValidYN="Y">
                        <LastName>Breull</LastName>
                        <ForeName>W</ForeName>
                        <Initials>W</Initials>
                    </Author>
                </AuthorList>
                <Language>eng</Language>
                <GrantList CompleteYN="Y">
                    <Grant>
                        <GrantID>G0700399</GrantID>
                        <Agency>Medical Research Council</Agency>
                        <Country>United Kingdom</Country>
                    </Grant>
                </GrantList>
                <PublicationTypeList>
                    <PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
                </PublicationTypeList>
            </Article>
            <MedlineJournalInfo>
                <Country>Germany</Country>
                <MedlineTA>Arzneimittelforschung</MedlineTA>
                <NlmUniqueID>0372660</NlmUniqueID>
                <ISSNLinking>0004-4172</ISSNLinking>
            </MedlineJournalInfo>
            <ChemicalList>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D011427">Propiophenones</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D014665">Vasodilator Agents</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
                <Chemical>
                    <RegistryNumber>142M471B3J</RegistryNumber>
                    <NameOfSubstance UI="D002245">Carbon Dioxide</NameOfSubstance>
                </Chemical>
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